Exercise Addiction and Major Depressive Disorder - Clinical Diagnoses and Longitudinal Course.

Background: People at risk of exercise addiction report increased symptoms of psychopathology. The aim of this study was to clinically assess the lifetime prevalence of depressive disorders in individuals at risk of exercise addiction and to determine whether depressive symptoms tend to precede or follow excessive exercising.

Methods: Based on the Exercise Dependence Scale-21, a total of 31 individuals categorized at risk of exercise addiction underwent the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-5 to assess major depressive disorder (MDD).

Mental Disorders in Individuals With Exercise Addiction-A Cross-Sectional Study.

Exercise addiction has not yet been designated as an addictive disorder in the DSM-5 due to a lack of detailed research. In particular, associations with other psychiatric diagnoses have received little attention. In this study, individuals with a possible exercise addiction are clinically assessed, in order to establish a profile of co-occurring psychiatric disorders in individuals with exercise addiction.

Mental disorders in individuals at risk for exercise addiction - A systematic review.

Introduction: Exercise addiction is one of several behavioral addictions which has not yet been designated as an addictive disorder in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 5 (DSM-5). This is in part due to a lack of clarity concerning co-occurring mental disorders of individuals at risk for exercise addiction. The aim of this review is to summarise the spectrum of psychopathology in populations at risk of exercise addiction.

Hygrobafilomycin, a cytotoxic and antifungal macrolide bearing a unique monoalkylmaleic anhydride moiety, from Streptomyces varsoviensis.

A new bafilomycin-type macrolide, named hygrobafilomycin (6), was isolated by a bioassay-guided selection and fractionation from a terrestrial actinomycete, Streptomyces varsoviensis, along with three known derivatives, bafilomycin D (3), C1 (4) and C2 (5). The structure of hygrobafilomycin was fully established by MS and NMR analyses, revealing a hygrolidin-bafilomycin hybrid with an unusual monoalkylmaleic anhydride moiety. Hygrobafilomycin (6) shows strong antifungal, antiproliferative and cytotoxic activities.

Aristolactams, 1-(2-C-methyl-beta-D-ribofuranosyl)-uracil and other bioactive constituents of Toussaintia orientalis.

The new aristolactam alkaloid toussalactam {2-hydroxy-1,6-dimethoxy-5H-dibenzo[cdf]indol-4-one} and the known ones, namely aristolactam AII, aristolactam BII, piperolactam C and aristolactam FII; 1-(2-C-methyl-beta-D-ribofuranosyl)-uracil, 3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside, and three catechinoids were isolated from the cytotoxic Toussaintia orientalis Verdc stem and root bark extracts, and their structures established based on analysis of spectroscopic data. The aristolactams exhibited antimicrobial and antiinflammatory activity, aristolactam FII showing almost the same level of activity as the standard anti-inflammatory agent Indomethacin. The compounds also exhibited either mild or no antiproliferative and cytotoxic activities, except aristolactam FII that showed the same level of cytotoxicity as the standard drug Camptothecin.

Botryorhodines A-D, antifungal and cytotoxic depsidones from Botryosphaeria rhodina, an endophyte of the medicinal plant Bidens pilosa.

An endophytic fungus (Botryosphaeria rhodina) was isolated from the stems of the medicinal plant Bidens pilosa (Asteraceae) that is known for its anti-inflammatory, antiseptic and antifungal effects. The ethyl acetate extract of the fungal isolate exhibits significant antifungal activity as well as potent cytotoxic and antiproliferative effects against several cancer cell lines. Activity-guided fractionation resulted in the isolation of a complex of four depsidones, botryorhodines A-D and the auxin indole carboxylic acid.

Cytotoxic, anti-proliferative and antimicrobial furanoditerpenoids from Stuhlmania moavi.

The furanoditerpenoids voucapane, voucapane-6alpha,7alpha-diol, voucapane-18,19-diol and 18-hydroxyvoucapan-19-al were isolated from the cytotoxic stem and root bark extracts of Stuhlmaniamoavi Verdc. (Ceasalpiniaceae) and their structures established based on analysis of spectroscopic data. The compounds exhibited anti-proliferative, cytotoxic, antibacterial and antifungal activities, 18-hydroxyvoucapan-19-al showing the highest anti-proliferative and cytotoxic properties.

Plasticity in gilvocarcin-type C-glycoside pathways: discovery and antitumoral evaluation of polycarcin V from Streptomyces polyformus.

Gilvocarcin-type polyketide glycosides represent some of the most powerful antitumor therapeutics. Bioactivity-guided fractionation of a culture extract of Streptomyces polyformus sp. nov.

Arousing sleeping genes: shifts in secondary metabolism of metal tolerant actinobacteria under conditions of heavy metal stress.

Numerous microbial habitats are strongly influenced by elevated levels of heavy metals. This type of habitat has developed either due to ore mining and metal processing or by pedogenesis above metal-rich base rocks. Most actinobacteria are soil-borne microbes with a remarkable capability for the synthesis of a broad variety of biologically active secondary metabolites.

Pyrrole and indole alkaloids from an endophytic Fusarium incarnatum (HKI00504) isolated from the mangrove plant Aegiceras corniculatum.

Two new pyrrole alkaloids, N-[4-(2-formyl-5-hydroxymethyl-pyrrol-1-yl)-butyl]-acetamide (1) and N-[5-(2-formyl-5-hydroxymethyl-pyrrol-1-yl)-pentyl]-acetamide (2), and a new indole derivative (3aR,8aR)-3a-acetoxyl-1,2,3,3a,8,8a-hexahydropyrrolo-[2,3-b]indol (3) were isolated, together with ( - )-3a-hydroxyfuroindoline, (3aR,8aS)-1-acetyl-1,3,3a,8,8a-hexahydropyrrolo-[2,3-b]indol-3a-ol, and N-acetyltryptamine A, from an endophytic ascomycetous fungus, Fusarium incarnatum (HKI00504), which was isolated from the mangrove plant Aegiceras corniculatum. The structures of compounds 1-3 were determined on the basis of extensive spectroscopic data analyses.

New abietane diterpenoids from the mangrove Avicennia marina.

Phytochemical investigations of the twigs of Avicennia marina yielded three new abietane diterpenoids 11-hydroxy-8,11,13-abietatriene 12- O-beta-xylopyranoside ( 1), and a pair of inseparable epimers 6 Halpha-11,12,16-trihydroxy-6,7-secoabieta-8,11,13-triene-6,7-dial 11,6-hemiacetal ( 2) and 6 Hbeta-11,12,16-trihydroxy-6,7-secoabieta-8,11,13-triene-6,7-dial 11,6-hemiacetal ( 3), as well as the new lignan (7' S,8' R)-4,4',9'-trihydroxy-3,3',5,5'-tetramethoxy-7,8-dehydro-9-al-2,7'-cyclolignan ( 5), together with 6,11,12,16-tetrahydroxy-5,8,11,13-abitetetraen-7-one ( 4), lyoniresinol ( 6), lyoniresinol 9'- O-beta- D-glucopyranoside ( 7), and diacetylmartynoside ( 8). Structure elucidation of the new compounds was accomplished by analysis of their spectroscopic data. Compounds 2 - 4 showed moderate cytotoxic and antimicrobial activities.

Butyrolactone I derivatives from Aspergillus terreus carrying an unusual sulfate moiety.

In our ongoing search for new bioactive metabolites from microbial resources, Aspergillus terreus (HKI0499) was examined by chemical metabolite profiling. Together with the known butyrolactone I ( 3), the unusual sulfate derivatives butyrolactone I 3-sulfate ( 1) and butyrolactone I 4''-sulfate ( 2) were discovered. The chemical structures were determined by NMR and MS data analyses.

A-seco-oleane-type triterpenes from Phomopsis sp. (strain HKI0458) isolated from the mangrove plant Hibiscus tiliaceus.

From the fermentation broth of an unidentified Phomopsis sp. (strain HKI0458) isolated from the mangrove plant Hibiscus tiliaceus, four A-seco-oleane-type triterpenes, namely 3,4-seco-olean-11,13-dien-4,15alpha, 22beta,24-tetraol-3-oic acid (1), 3,4-seco-olean-11,13-dien-4,7beta,22beta,24-tetraol-3-oic acid (2), 3,4-seco- olean-13-en-4,7,15,22,24-pentaol-3-oic acid (3), and 3,4-seco-olean-13-en-4,15,22,24-tetraol-3-oic acid (4) were obtained. Their structures were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic (UV, IR, FABMS, and 2D NMR) data analyses.

Structure, derivatization, and antitumor activity of new griseusins from Nocardiopsis sp.

Four new griseusins, 4'-dehydro-deacetylgriseusin A (1) and 2a,8a-epoxy-epi-deacetylgriseusin B (2) as new constitutional derivatives and epi-deacetylgriseusin A (3) and epi-deacetylgriseusin B (4) as new stereoisomers, were isolated from Nocardiopsis sp. (YIM80133, DSM16644). 4'-Dehydro-deacetylgriseusin A (1) showed pronounced cytotoxic potency (mean IC50 = 0.

Cephalosporolides H and I, Two Novel Lactones from a Marine-Derived Fungus, Penicillium sp.

Two novel lactones, Cephalosporolides H (1) and 1 (2), were isolated from the lyophilized culture broth of the marine-derived fungus, Penicillium sp. The structures were elucidated on the basis of extensive 1D- and 2D-NMR, as well as HRESI-MS spectroscopic analyses. The relative stereochemistries of the compounds were assessed by comparison of the NOESY analysis and spectral data with those in the literature.

Abyssomicin E, a highly functionalized polycyclic metabolite from Streptomyces species.

Abyssomicin E (1), a new polycyclic metabolite with a C19 skeleton, was isolated from Streptomyces sp. (HKI0381). Its chemical structure was determined by comprehensive NMR and MS spectroscopic analyses.

Unusual naphthoquinone derivatives from the twigs of Avicennia marina.

In a continuing search for novel bioactive compounds from marine mangrove plants, seven new naphthoquinone derivatives were isolated from Avicennia marina, namely, avicennone A (1), avicennone B (2), avicennone C (3), avicennone D (4), avicenone E (5), avicennone F (6), and avicennone G (7), along with the known compounds avicequinone A (8), stenocarpoquinone B (9), avicequinone C (10), avicenol A (11), and avicenol C (12). The chemical structures of 1-7 were elucidated by spectroscopic methods. Compounds 8-10, and a mixture of 4 and 5, which all contain a 4,9-dione group, showed strong antiproliferative and moderate cytotoxic activities, as well as antibacterial effects.

Penisporolides A and B, two new spiral lactones from the marine-derived fungus Penicillium sp.

In our continued screening on bioactive constituents from marine-derived fungi, two novel compounds containing a rare spiral-lactone skeleton were isolated from lyophilized culture broth of the marine-derived fungus Penicillium sp. The structures of penisporolides A and B were elucidated on the basis of extensive 1D and 2D NMR as well as HRESI-MS spectroscopic data analysis. The relative stereochemistries of the compounds were assessed by analysis of NOESY data together with the comparison with data from previous literatures.

Griseusin C, a novel quinone derivative from a marine-derived fungus Penicillium sp.

A novel quinone derivative, Griseusin C (1), along with a known quinone, Naphthoquinone C (2), was isolated from the lyophilized culture broth of the marine-derived fungus Penicillium sp. The structures were elucidated on the basis of extensive 1 D- and 2D-NMR, as well as HRESI-MS, spectroscopic analysis. The relative stereochemistries of the compounds were assessed by NOESY analysis.

Structure elucidation of a new friedelane triterpene from the mangrove plant Hibiscus tiliaceus.

From the stem and bark of the mangrove plant Hibiscus tiliaceus, a new friedelane-type triterpene named 27-oic-3-oxo-28-friedelanoic acid (1) together with eight known triterpenoids involving five friedelane-type derivatives was isolated. The structure of 1 was determined by extensive 2D NMR (DQF-COSY, HMQC, HMBC, and NOESY) data analyses. All the compounds were obtained from mangrove plants for the first time.

New cyclopentenone derivatives from an endophytic Streptomyces sp. isolated from the mangrove plant Aegiceras comiculatum.

From the mangrove plant Aegiceras comiculatum collected in South China an endophytic Streptomyces sp. was isolated. Following cultivation in a seawater-based medium, four new cyclopentenone derivatives, namely (5R) 3-amino-5-hydroxy-5-vinyl-2-cyclopenten-1-one (1), (5R) 5-hydroxy-3-[(methoxycarbonyl)amino]-5-vinyl-2-cyclopenten-1-one (2), (5R) 5-hydroxy-3-[[2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]amino]-5-vinyl-2-cyclopenten-l-one (3), and 3-isobutylpropanamide-2-cyclopenten-l-one (4), were obtained from the fermentation broth.

[The secondary metabolites research of the alkalophlic strain YIMGQ14 tracked by the TLC assay].

In the course of the microbial resources exploitation, the secondary metabolites research of the alkalophilic strain YIMGQ-14 was carried on using the TLC method and with the coordinate of the TLC database searching. Two patented biological active compounds "Umycin C" and "Umycin B" were isolated and purified. The result showed that, compared with the ordinary biological screening, the TLC screening is fast, convenient, economical and much more suitable for the small scale daily screening purpose.