Early Diagnosis of Oral Cancer: A Complex Polyhedral Problem with a Difficult Solution.

Oral and oropharyngeal cancers are a growing problem, accounting for 377,713 and 98,412 new cases per year all over the world and 177,757 and 48,143 deaths annually, respectively. Despite the substantial improvement in diagnostic procedures and treatment techniques in recent years, the mortality rate has not decreased substantially in the last 40 years, which is still close to 50% of cases. The major cause responsible for this high mortality is associated with the high percentage of oral cancers diagnosed in advanced stages (stages III and IV) where the treatment harbors poor efficacy, resulting in challenges, mutilations, or disability.

Prognostic and Clinicopathological Significance of /Cyclin D1 Upregulation in Melanomas: A Systematic Review and Comprehensive Meta-Analysis.

Our objective was to evaluate the prognostic and clinicopathological significance of cyclin D1 (CD1) overexpression/CCND1 amplification in melanomas. We searched studies published before September 2019 (PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus). We evaluated the quality of the studies included (QUIPS tool).

Prognostic and Clinicopathological Significance of FADD Upregulation in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Fas-associated death domain (FADD) upregulation, i.e., gene amplification, protein phosphorylation and/or overexpression, has shown promising prognostic implications in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC).

Clinicopathological and prognostic significance of PD-L1 in oral cancer: A preliminary retrospective immunohistochemistry study.

Objective: To evaluate the relation between PD-L1 expression in oral cavity squamous cell carcinomas and clinicopathological features as well as survival outcomes.

Methods: A retrospective immunohistochemical study was carried out on 55 archived tumours from 55 patients. Tumours were stained for PD-L1 and scored by the proportion of tumour cells with positive membranous staining.

Prognostic and clinicopathological significance of PD-L1 overexpression in oral squamous cell carcinoma: A systematic review and comprehensive meta-analysis.

Background: The presence of Programmed Death-Ligand 1 protein (PD-L1) in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) may indicate an ability to evade immune response and has been suggested as a prognostic marker, but there is controversy in the literature.

Objective: To review the scientific evidence of a prognostic role for PD-L1 levels in OSCC.

Methods: PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Scopus were searched for studies published on or before March 02, 2019.

Clinicopathological and prognostic characteristics of oral squamous cell carcinomas arising in patients with oral lichen planus: A systematic review and a comprehensive meta-analysis.

Objectives: To evaluate current evidence in relation to the prognostic and clinicopathological significance of oral squamous cell carcinomas arising in patients with oral lichen planus (OLP-OSCC).

Material And Methods: We searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and Scopus for studies published before May-2019. We evaluated the quality of studies (QUIPS tool).

Immunophenotypic Conversion between Primary and Relapse Breast Cancer and its Effects on Survival.

Background: The differential expression of oestrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), human epidermal growth factor 2 (HER2) or Ki-67 between primary tumour and the recurrence has been described. We aimed to determine these changes and their prognostic implications.

Patients And Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 45 breast cancer patients with relapsed biopsy that were classified into local relapse (LR) or metastatic disease (MD) groups.

An update on the implications of cyclin D1 in melanomas.

Cyclin D1 is a protein encoded by the CCND1 gene, located on 11q13 chromosome, which is a key component of the physiological regulation of the cell cycle. CCND1/cyclin D1 is upregulated in several types of human tumors including melanoma and is currently classified as an oncogene that promotes uncontrolled cell proliferation. Despite the demonstrated importance of CCND1/cyclin D1 as a central oncogene in several types of human tumors, its knowledge in melanoma is still limited.

Worldwide prevalence of oral lichen planus: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

The objective was to assess the global oral lichen planus prevalence. We searched PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Scopus for studies published before September 2019. We evaluated the quality of studies and carried out several meta-analyses.

Malignant transformation risk of oral lichen planus: A systematic review and comprehensive meta-analysis.

Objectives: To evaluate current evidence on the malignant transformation of oral lichen planus (OLP), oral lichenoid lesions (OLLs), and oral lichenoid reactions (LRs) and to determine the variables with greatest influence on cancer development.

Material And Methods: We searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Scopus for studies published before November 2018. We evaluated the quality of studies (QUIPS tool).

Predictive value of CCND1/cyclin D1 alterations in the malignant transformation of potentially malignant head and neck disorders: Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: To evaluate published evidence on the predictive value of CCND1 amplification/cyclin D1 overexpression as malignant transformation risk markers in potentially malignant disorders (PMDs) of the head and neck.

Material And Methods: We searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Scopus for studies published before June 2018. We conducted a meta-analysis to quantify the impact of CCND1/cyclin D1 amplification/overexpression on malignant transformation of head and neck PMDs.

An update of knowledge on PD-L1 in head and neck cancers: Physiologic, prognostic and therapeutic perspectives.

Programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) is a transmembrane protein that acts as a co-inhibitory factor in the immune response. Its receptor, programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1), is found on immune cells, where binding to PD-L1 can reduce the proliferation of PD-1-positive cells, inhibit their cytokine secretion and induce apoptosis. PD-L1 in immune-privileged tissue plays a crucial role in peripheral tolerance.

Clinicopathological significance of tumor cyclin D1 expression in oral cancer.

Objective: To evaluate the association of cyclin D1 overexpression with clinicopathological parameters classically considered of prognostic value in OSCC (T, N, M, clinical stage, degree of differentiation, invasive morphology and, cellular proliferation index).

Design: A retrospective immunohistochemical study was conducted of cyclin D1 and ki-67 expression in 68 OSCCs from 54 patients. Cases were scanned using a digital pathology system.

Prognostic and clinicopathological significance of CTTN/cortactin alterations in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: To evaluate the prognostic significance of CTTN/cortactin alterations in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC).

Material And Methods: We searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Scopus for studies published before May 2018. We conducted a meta-analysis to quantify the impact of CTTN/cortactin alterations on clinicopathological and survival variables.

Asymmetrical proliferative pattern loss linked to cyclin D1 overexpression in adjacent non-tumour epithelium in oral squamous cell carcinoma.

Objective: To evaluate cyclin D1 overexpression in oral squamous cell carcinomas and adjacent non-tumour epithelium as a biomarker of premalignant fields and a risk factor for multiple tumour development.

Design: We studied cyclin D1 expression in 54 patients with 68 oral squamous cell carcinomas plus adjacent non-tumour epithelia characterized as close (n = 58) or distant (n = 41) from the invasion point. Randomized 40x fields were evaluated (4 in tumour tissue and 1 each in close and distant non-tumour epithelium).

Prognostic and clinicopathological significance of cyclin D1 expression in oral squamous cell carcinoma: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objectives: To evaluate the prognostic significance of cyclin D1 (CD1) overexpression in OSCC.

Material And Methods: We searched studies published before August 2017 (Pubmed, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus). We evaluated the quality of the studies included (Quality in Prognosis Studies [QUIPS] tool).

An update of knowledge on cortactin as a metastatic driver and potential therapeutic target in oral squamous cell carcinoma.

Cortactin is a protein encoded by the CTTN gene, localized on chromosome band 11q13. As a result of the amplification of this band, an important event in oral carcinogenesis, CTTN is also usually amplified, promoting the frequent overexpression of cortactin. Cortactin enhances cell migration in oral cancer, playing a key role in the regulation of filamentous actin and of protrusive structures (invadopodia and lamellipodia) on the cell membrane that are necessary for the acquisition of a migratory phenotype.

Relevance of chromosomal band 11q13 in oral carcinogenesis: An update of current knowledge.

An important event in oral carcinogenesis is the amplification of chromosomal band 11q13, in which numerous oncogenes and some tumor-suppressor genes are localized and frequently co-amplified during the malignant transformation of oral epithelium. The objectives of this study were to review published data on the involvement of 11q13 amplification in oral cancer, to provide an update on novel concepts and terminology related to gene amplification, and to explore the composition of the 11q13 amplicon in OSCC, including its most relevant amplicon cores and potential drivers. We report on the critical oncogenes and tumor-suppressor genes in 11q13 that may play a major role in oral cancer, focusing on their functions, on the characteristics acquired by their amplification, and on their clinicopathological implications.

Implications of Differential Expression of β-Catenin in Oral Carcinoma.

Background: Alterations of β-catenin can promote cancer progression, but there has been little analysis of this protein in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). The objective of this study was to investigate the role of β-catenin in OSCC development.

Materials And Methods: Expression of β-catenin and Ki-67 from 92 OSCC was immunohistochemically studied in tissues close to the tumor invasion point and, in 37 cases, in tissues distant from the invasion point.

A role for the substance P/NK-1 receptor complex in cell proliferation in oral squamous cell carcinoma.

Objective: To investigate the presence and distribution of substance P (SP) and neurokinin 1 receptor (NK-1R) in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and their relationship with proliferation.

Patients And Methods: Ninety OSCCs from 73 patients were immunohistochemically analyzed using monoclonal antibodies against SP, NK-1R and Ki-67 in a case and control study.

Results: Seventy-one percent (n=49) of cases expressed SP on tumour cell membrane, 81.

Adhesion molecule CD44 expression in non-tumor epithelium adjacent to laryngeal cancer.

Background: Studies of adjacent non-tumor epithelia (ANTE) of laryngeal cancer have presented contradictory results regarding the expression of the adhesion molecule CD44 and its role as an early event and risk marker for progression to cancer.

Methods: An immunohistochemical study was performed on changes in CD44 expression in the ANTE and tumor tissue of 112 cases of laryngeal cancer, using the anti-CD44 monoclonal antibody DF1485. The aim was to evaluate the importance of these changes as an early event in laryngeal carcinogenesis.

Adhesion molecule CD44 as a prognostic factor in tongue cancer.

Background: Loss of expression of CD44 has been shown to be a factor of poor prognosis in some types of tumors. The purpose of this study was to analyze this in relation to the survival of patients with tongue cancer.

Materials And Methods: The expression of adhesion molecule CD44 was studied in 56 patients with tongue cancer.

Adhesion molecule CD44 expression in non-tumour epithelium adjacent to tongue cancer.

An immunohistochemical study was performed of changes in the expression of adhesion molecule CD44 in 32 adjacent non-tumour epithelia (ANTE) to lingual carcinomas and in the tumour tissue, using anti-CD44 monoclonal antibody DF1485. The aim was to evaluate the importance of these changes as an early event in lingual carcinogenesis. The ANTE was histologically normal in 22 cases (68.