Access to medicines for the treatment of chronic diseases in Chile: qualitative analysis of perceived patient barriers and facilitators in five regions of the country.

Background: Access to medicines is one of the most serious public health problems globally, and Chile is not an exception. The aim of this study was to explore patients' perceptions, beneficiaries of both public and private health sectors, of barriers and facilitators in access to medicines in general, and those associated with the treatment of diabetes, dyslipidemia and hypertension.

Methods: Ten focus groups of patients with these diseases, diagnosed for at least six months and with prescribed medication, were carried out in five regions of Chile: Arica (north), Aysén (south), and Valparaíso, Metropolitan, and Maule (center).

Prescription drug coverage and effective coverage of three chronic conditions of high prevalence in Chile: Hypertension, diabetes and dyslipidemia.

Background: Access to medicines is a serious problem globally and in Chile. Despite the creation of coverage policies, part of the population with chronic conditions of high prevalence, still does not have access to the medicines it requires and disease control continues to be low. The objective of the study was to estimate the medication use and effective coverage for diabetes, dyslipidemia and hypertension in Chile, analyzing them according to sociodemographic variables and social determinants of health.

Exposure to tobacco impressions during prime-time TV among Chilean minors by sex and socioeconomic status.

Introduction: We tested if tobacco impressions were delivered differentially to prime-time TV watching minors by sex and socioeconomic status.

Methods: Programs aired during prime-time for three random weeks in 2019 from the 15 highest audience channels in Chile were content-analyzed for the occurrence of tobacco for each one-minute interval of 92639 recorded. Such occurrences were categorized as actual use and whether they violated Chilean smoke-free law or tobacco brand appearances.

Barriers and Facilitators in Access to Diabetes, Hypertension, and Dyslipidemia Medicines: A Scoping Review.

Identify barriers and facilitators in access to medicines for diabetes, hypertension, and dyslipidemia, considering patient, health provider, and health system perspectives. Scoping review based on Joanna Briggs methodology. The search considered PubMed, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, Academic Search Ultimate, Web of Science, SciELO Citation Index, and grey literature.

Seroprevalence and estimation of the impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection in older adults residing in Long-term Care Facilities in Chile.

Introduction: Older adults are at a higher risk of severe illness and death from COVID-19. This vulnerability increases in those who live in long-term care facilities due to overcrowding, greater physical dependence, and contact with health workers. Evidence on the impact of the pandemic on these establishments in lowand middle-income countries has been scant.

Exposure of 4-year to 24-year olds to tobacco imagery on prime-time Chilean television.

Introduction: The extent of the population's exposure to tobacco imagery across all genres of regular TV programming and the contribution of each of these genres is unknown, except for UK broadcast channels. The objective of this study is to estimate the exposure of young people to tobacco imagery on Chilean prime-time television and the programme source contributing to such exposure.

Methods: Programmes aired during 3 weeks in 2019 from the 15 highest audience channels in Chile were content-analysed for the occurrence of tobacco categorised as actual use, implied use, tobacco paraphernalia, tobacco brand appearances and whether they violated Chilean smoke-free law for each 1 min interval (92 639).

Modelling cost-effectiveness of syphilis detection strategies in prisoners: exploratory exercise in a Chilean male prison.

Background: Syphilis, together with other sexually transmitted infections, remains a global public health problem that is far from controlled. People deprived of liberty are a vulnerable population. Control activities in prisons rely mostly on passive case detection, despite the existence of affordable alternatives that would allow switching to active case-finding strategies.

Compliance with the smoking ban in urban public transportation in Chile.

Introduction: The aim of the study is to assess the national level of compliance with the Chilean smoke-free legislation in the urban public transportation system.

Methods: In this cross-sectional observational study, we studied a national representative sample of 475 vehicles obtained through a two-stage cluster sampling design in 2018. First, 57 municipalities were randomly selected, proportionally to the total number of public transportation vehicles.

Compliance with the smoking ban in enclosed, semiopen and open areas of workplaces and public places in Chile.

Objective: To assess the national level of compliance with the Chilean comprehensive smoke-free legislation by observing healthcare facilities, education centres, government offices, hospitality venues and private workplaces, by type of area within workplaces and public places: enclosed, semiopen and open.

Methodology: In this cross-sectional observational study, we studied a national representative sample of 3253 venues obtained through a two-stage cluster sampling design. First, 57 municipalities were randomly selected, proportionally to the total number of venues of interest.

Evaluation of the effectiveness and equity of the maternity protection reform in Chile from 2000 to 2015.

Introduction: According to the International Labor Organization, Maternity Protection (MP) policies try to harmonize child care and women's paid work, without affecting family health and economic security. Chile Law 20.545 (2011) increased benefits for economically active women and reduced requirements for accessing these benefits.

Assistive Devices for Older Adults: A Longitudinal Study of Policy Effectiveness, Santiago, Chile, 2014-2016.

INTRODUCTION Population aging is a worldwide phenomenon. It is estimated that by 2050, one of five persons will be aged ≥60 years. In Chile, 15.

Case-Control Study of Risk Factors for Meningococcal Disease in Chile.

An outbreak of meningococcal disease with a case-fatality rate of 30% and caused by predominantly serogroup W of Neisseria meningitidis began in Chile in 2012. This outbreak required a case-control study to assess determinants and risk factors for infection. We identified confirmed cases during January 2012-March 2013 and selected controls by random sampling of the population, matched for age and sex, resulting in 135 case-patients and 618 controls.

[Clinical features and prognostic factors of meningococcal disease: a case series study in Chile during the 2012-2013 outbreak].

Introduction: Meningococcal disease (MD) is a major global problem because of its case fatality rate and sequels. Since 2012 cases of serogroup W have increased in Chile, with nonspecific clinical presentation, high case fatality rate and serious consequences.

Objective: To characterize the evolution and outcome of MD cases between January 2012 and March 2013 in Chile.