Update of the Epidemiology of the Sporotrichosis Epidemic in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.

Background: Sporotrichosis is a disease not requiring jurisdictional notification and consequently is underreported in Brazil. Therefore, the epidemiological picture even in hyperendemic states is unknown. Thus, we evaluated the occurrence of sporotrichosis throughout the territory of the southern state of Brazil, Rio Grande do Sul (RS).

Chemical, antioxidant and cytotoxic profile of hydroalcoholic extracts of plants from Southern Brazil and their activity against pathogenic fungi isolated from dogs and cats with sensitivity and resistance to conventional antifungals.

We aimed to evaluate the chemical, antioxidant, cytotoxic, and antifungal activities of hydroalcoholic extracts of native plants from Southern Brazil: (SCH) (PER) (EUG) and (EQU). Ethyl gallate, quercetin, and quinic acid were prevalent compounds identified by LC-MS. For total phenolic/flavonoid contents and the antioxidant potential against ABTS/DPPH radicals, the ascending order was EQU < PER < EUG < SCH.

Susceptibility and resistance of Sporothrix brasiliensis to branded and compounded itraconazole formulations.

Itraconazole is the first drug of choice for the treatment of sporotrichosis and it is available at different concentrations for veterinary patients. However, therapeutic failure has been reported, limiting clinical treatment. This study evaluated the in vitro efficacy of brand-name and compounded itraconazole formulations against Sporothrix brasiliensis and estimated the itraconazole content in each tested formulation.

Human sporotrichosis: A zoonotic outbreak in southern Brazil, 2012-2017.

Zoonotic sporotrichosis has undergone a geographical expansion in Brazil in the last decade. Rio Grande do Sul (RS) is the second state of the country in which a number of feline sporotrichosis cases have been described. Since cats are the main zoonotic source of infection, this study aimed to describe 100 cases of human sporotrichosis occurring in the last 5 years in the southern region of RS, Brazil.

Sporotrichosis in Southern Brazil, towards an epidemic?

Rio Grande do Sul (RS) is the second highest state with respect to sporotrichosis incidence in Brazil, with most cases occurring in the southern region. Given the importance of epidemiologic monitoring in hyperendemic areas, this study evaluated the spatial, geographical and annual sporotrichosis incidence over a period of 7 years in the southern region of RS, as well as the disease evolution over the last two decades. Data were collected from the Mycology Laboratory of the Federal University of Rio Grande (FAMED-FURG) and from the Centre for Zoonosis Control (CZC) of the Prefeitura Municipal of Pelotas city.

Chemical composition and cytotoxicity of extracts of marjoram and rosemary and their activity against Sporothrix brasiliensis.

Purpose: Motivated by increasing reports of antifungal resistance in human and animal sporotrichosis, this study evaluated the chemical composition, cytotoxicity and anti-Sporothrix brasiliensis activity of extracts of marjoram (Origanum majorana) and rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis).

Methodology: Ten (INF10) and 60 min (INF60) infusions, a decoction and a hydroalcoholic extract (HAE, 70 %) were prepared from both plants (10 % w/v). The extract composition was analysed by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry and the cytotoxicity was evaluated using a colorimetric assay in canine and feline kidney cells.

Polar Origanum vulgare (Lamiaceae) extracts with antifungal potential against Sporothrix brasiliensis.

Oregano (Origanum vulgare) has anti-Sporothrix spp. activity, including against strains that are resistant to antifungal drugs. As the studies are limited to the essential oil, the aim of this study was to evaluate the chemical, antioxidant and cytotoxic properties of polar oregano extracts and their anti-Sporothrix brasiliensis activity.

In Vitro Susceptibility of Sporothrix brasiliensis to Essential Oils of Lamiaceae Family.

This study evaluated the chemical, cytotoxic and anti-Sporothrix brasiliensis properties of commercial essential oils of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.), oregano (Origanum vulgare L.) and marjoram (Origanum majorana L.

Cytotoxicity and anti-Sporothrix brasiliensis activity of the Origanum majorana Linn. oil.

The study aimed to evaluate the anti-Sporothrix sp. activity of the essential oil of Origanum majorana Linn. (marjoram), its chemical analysis, and its cytotoxic activity.

Sporothrix brasiliensis outbreaks and the rapid emergence of feline sporotrichosis.

Sporotrichosis is the main subcutaneous mycosis in Brazil, and is caused by Sporothrix schenckii and allied species. Sporothrix propagules present on soil and plant debris may be traumatically inoculated into the cutaneous/ subcutaneous tissues of the warm-blooded host. An alternative route involves direct animal-animal and animal-human transmissions through deep scratches and bites of diseased cats.

Clinical and mycological analysis of dog's oral cavity.

The oral microbiota of humans and animals is made up of a wide variety of yeasts and bacteria, but microbiota of dogs is not totally described. Although such identification is an important step to establish the etiopathogenesis and adequate therapy for the periodontal disease The aim of this study was to evaluate and correlate oral alterations with the presence of yeasts in oral cavity of female dogs. After clinical evaluation samples from healthy and from dogs with oral diseases were obtained from three different oral sites by swabs, curettes, millimeter periodontal probes and HA membrane tip in cellulose ester.

Sporothrix schenckii in a hospital and home environment in the city of Pelotas/RS - Brazil.

This study describes the isolation of S. schenckii in hospital and home environments in Brazil. Samples were collected from surfaces of a veterinary service place and at home.

Inhibitory effect of sodium hypochlorite and chlorhexidine digluconate in clinical isolates of Sporothrix schenckii.

The susceptibility of Sporothrix schenckii isolates from clinical cases of canine, feline and human sporotrichosis, and from the environment, was evaluated with 4% sodium hypochlorite and 6.6% chlorhexidine digluconate using the broth microdilution, agar diffusion and direct exposure techniques. The minimal inhibitory concentration was smaller than 0.

Ultrastructural study of the mycelial phase of clinical isolates of Sporothrix schenckii obtained from feline, canine and human cases of sporotrichosis.

Using transmission electron microscopy, we studied the presence of melanin and cell wall thickness of clinical isolates of Sporothrix schenckii obtained from cats, dogs and humans as compared to reference strains. We detected differences regarding presence of the melanin among the clinical isolates of S. schenckii and a correlation between presence of melanin and cell wall thickness.

Disease progression of dermatophytic pseudomycetoma in a Persian cat.

Background: Dermatophytic pseudomycetoma is a subcutaneous fungal infection by Microsporum canis.

Aims: This work describes a case of dermatophytic pseudomycetoma in a Persian cat.

Patient And Methods: A 3-year old female Persian cat showing alopecia, scaling and ulcerated nodules throughout the body, with presence of ulcerated nodules with yellow granular discharges on the dorsum, close to the tail.

Role of melanin in the pathogenesis of cutaneous sporotrichosis.

In this study, we evaluate the clinical, histopathological and ultra structural aspects of the infection by field strain (MEL(+)) and mutated strain (MEL(-)) of Sporothrix schenckii. The development of sporotrichosis at the inoculation sites was similar for both groups of animals after the second week of the experimental period. Statistical differences appeared only at weeks 3 and 5.

Efficacy of terbinafine and itraconazole on a experimental model of systemic sporotrichosis.

Itraconazole is currently considered the drug of choice to treat the diverse clinical presentation of sporotrichosis. On the other hand terbinafine by virtue of its excellent in vitro activity is under comparative evaluation for its therapeutic potential for a wide range of fungal infections. In this study, our aim was to determine the in vivo efficacy of terbinafine and itraconazole on a experimental model of systemic sporotrichosis.