Relationship between glucose control, glycemic variability, and oxidative stress in children with type 1 diabetes.

Introduction: Few studies assessing the relationship between oxidative stress and glycemic variability in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) are available, and most of them reported no significant results.

Objective: To assess the relationship between glucose control, glycemic variability, and oxidative stress as measured by urinary excretion of 8-iso-prostanglandin F2-alpha (8-iso-PGF2α) in children with T1DM.

Materials And Methods: A cross-sectional study including 25 children with T1DM.

[Clinical learning strategies among medical students].

Background: Throughout medical education, students are gradually incorporated into authentic clinical practice scenarios.

Aim: To describe the use of clinical learning strategies by Chilean students and compare them according to sex and year of training.

Material And Methods: The Clinical Learning Strategies Questionnaire (CEACLIN) was applied to 336 students from the 4th to 6th year of medicine at a Chilean university.

[Undergraduate student's perception of clinical simulation workshops: assessment of an instrument].

Background: Simulation is a useful training tool for undergraduate medical students. A valid instrument is needed to assess students' perception of simulation workshops.

Aim: To adapt and validate an instrument to assess the undergraduate medical student's perception of simulation workshops of clinical procedures.

[Learning during the early clinical years takes more than good study habits: Perceptions of students and teachers].

Background: Teaching methods of the undergraduate medical curriculum change considerably from the first years to clinical training. Clinical learning occurs in complex and varied scenarios while caring for patients. Students have to adapt their learning approaches and strategies to be able to integrate theory and clinical practice and become experiential learners.

[CEACLIN, an instrument suited to identify medical students' strategies to learn in pre-clerkship years].

Background: Upon the beginning of pre-clerkship years, medical students must develop strategies to learn from experience and to improve their relational skills to communicate with patients.

Aim: To develop an instrument to identify the strategies used by medical students to learn in clinical contexts.

Material And Methods: Using a Delfi technique to reach consensus, a national panel of students and clinical teachers from 15 Chilean medical schools analyzed an 80-item questionnaire built from perceptions of Chilean students and teachers from one medical school.

[Perceptions of students and teachers about clinical medicine learning].

Background: The transition to the clinical courses represents a major challenge for medical students who are expected to become experiential learners, able to integrate theory and practice in the context of patient care. There are questions about how students face this challenge.

Aim: To understand and compare the perceptions of students and clinical tutors on how medical students learn during the transition to the clinical levels of the curriculum.

Gut microbiota in children with type 1 diabetes differs from that in healthy children: a case-control study.

Background: A recent study using a rat model found significant differences at the time of diabetes onset in the bacterial communities responsible for type 1 diabetes modulation. We hypothesized that type 1 diabetes in humans could also be linked to a specific gut microbiota. Our aim was to quantify and evaluate the difference in the composition of gut microbiota between children with type 1 diabetes and healthy children and to determine the possible relationship of the gut microbiota of children with type 1 diabetes with the glycemic level.

Handling of clinical tissue specimens for molecular profiling studies.

The relationship between gene expression profiles and cellular phenotypes is an important aspect of functional genomics. Clinical tissue specimens will play a vital role in this effort. The usefulness of tissue for molecular profiling is significantly influenced by the manner of specimen handling.

Molecular differentiation of high- and moderate-grade human prostate cancer by cDNA microarray analysis.

The prognosis of men with moderate-grade prostate cancer is uncertain. At present, there are few if any reliable molecular markers that can distinguish moderate-grade tumors from those that behave more aggressively. To better understand the molecular basis of human prostate cancer and potentially provide information toward more accurate prognosis, we measured and analyzed gene expression profiles of 13 high- and moderate-grade human prostate tumors using cDNA microarrays.

Alterations in gene expression profiles during prostate cancer progression: functional correlations to tumorigenicity and down-regulation of selenoprotein-P in mouse and human tumors.

To identify molecular changes that occur during prostate tumor progression, we have characterized a series of prostate cancer cell lines isolated at different stages of tumorigenesis from C3(1)/Tag transgenic mice. Cell lines derived from low- and high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia, invasive carcinoma, and a lung metastasis exhibited significant differences in cell growth, tumorigenicity, invasiveness, and angiogenesis. cDNA microarray analysis of 8700 features revealed correlations between the tumorigenicity of the C3(1)/Tag-Pr cells and changes in the expression levels of genes regulating cell growth, angiogenesis, and invasion.

Proteomic analysis of human prostate cancer.

Proteomics is a promising approach in the identification of proteins and biochemical pathways involved in tumorigenesis. In an effort to discover such proteins and pathways that are deregulated in prostate tumorigenesis, cellular proteomes of matched normal prostate epithelial cells and high-grade prostate cancer cells were analyzed by tissue microdissection, two-dimensional electrophoresis, and mass spectrometry. Forty protein alterations were detected in the tumors; however, the majority of these changes were not shared among the 12 neoplasms.