Design and Dosimetric Characterization of a Broadband Exposure Facility for In Vitro Experiments in the Frequency Range 18-40.5 GHz.

A novel exposure facility for exposing cell monolayers to centimeter and millimeter waves (18-40.5 GHz) used by future 5G mobile communication technology and similar applications has been developed. A detailed dosimetric characterization of the apparatus for frequencies of 27 and 40.

Effects of Long-Term Exposure of Intermediate Frequency Magnetic Fields (20 kHz, 360 µT) on the Development, Pathological Findings, and Behavior of Female Mice.

The use of magnetic fields in the intermediate-frequency (IF) range to wirelessly charge electric cars with power transfer in the kilowatt range has become increasingly widespread, leading to unavoidable stray fields in the microtesla range. Only a handful of studies have assessed the potential biological risks associated with exposure to such fields. We exposed female mice (n = 80 per group) to either 20 kHz, 360 µT (rms), or sham in Helmholtz coils to conduct a blind design study.

4-Phenylbutyric Acid Reduces Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Chondrocytes That Is Caused by Loss of the Protein Disulfide Isomerase ERp57.

Objective: The integrity of cartilage depends on the correct synthesis of extracellular matrix (ECM) components. In case of insufficient folding of proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of chondrocytes, ECM proteins aggregate, ER stress evolves, and the unfolded protein response (UPR) is initiated. By this mechanism, chondrocytes relieve the stress condition or initiate cell death by apoptosis.

Forced exercise-induced osteoarthritis is attenuated in mice lacking the small leucine-rich proteoglycan decorin.

Objective: Interterritorial regions of articular cartilage matrix are rich in decorin, a small leucine-rich proteoglycan and important structural protein, also involved in many signalling events. Decorin sequesters transforming growth factor β (TGFβ), thereby regulating its activity. Here, we analysed whether increased bioavailability of TGFβ in decorin-deficient (Dcn) cartilage leads to changes in biomechanical properties and resistance to osteoarthritis (OA).