The short conserved region-2 of LARP4 interacts with ribosome-associated RACK1 and promotes translation.

LARP4 interacts with poly(A)-binding protein (PABP) to protect mRNAs from deadenylation and decay, and recent data indicate it can direct the translation of functionally related mRNA subsets. LARP4 was known to bind RACK1, a ribosome-associated protein, although the specific regions involved, and relevance had been undetermined. Here, yeast two-hybrid domain mapping followed by other methods identified positions 615-625 in conserved region-2 (CR2) of LARP4 (and LARP4B) as directly binding RACK1 region 200-317.

Association of specific nutritional intake with periodontitis.

Background: The present study aimed to evaluate nutritional intake among a group of male patients in the dental clinic with and without periodontal disease to search for associations between nutritional profile and periodontal health.

Methods: To this purpose, nutritional intake of macronutrients, fiber, vitamins, and minerals were compared evaluating both clinical parameters and periodontal status. Non periodontitis patients were compared with stage III and IV periodontitis and its extension according to the 2017 classification.

Prevalence of undiagnosed diabetes and prediabetes related to periodontitis and its risk factors in elderly individuals.

Objective: The prevalence of undiagnosed diabetes was estimated to increase with age and can reach 3.5%. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the prevalence of undiagnosed diabetes and prediabetes in the elderly patients who attended a dental clinic and to find common risk factors.

Treatment with the Olive Secoiridoid Oleacein Protects against the Intestinal Alterations Associated with EAE.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a CNS inflammatory demyelinating disease. Recent investigations highlight the gut-brain axis as a communication network with crucial implications in neurological diseases. Thus, disrupted intestinal integrity allows the translocation of luminal molecules into systemic circulation, promoting systemic/brain immune-inflammatory responses.

Oleanolic acid ameliorates intestinal alterations associated with EAE.

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic demyelinating autoimmune disease affecting the CNS. Recent studies have indicated that intestinal alterations play key pathogenic roles in the development of autoimmune diseases, including MS. The triterpene oleanolic acid (OA), due to its anti-inflammatory properties, has shown to beneficially influence the severity of the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a preclinical model of MS.

Oleacein Attenuates the Pathogenesis of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis through Both Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Effects.

Unlabelled: Oxidative stress and proinflammatory cytokines are factors affecting multiple sclerosis (MS) disease progression. Oleacein (OLE), an olive secoiridoid, possesses powerful antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, which suggests its potential application to treat neuroinflammatory disorders. Herein, we investigated the impact of OLE on the main clinic-pathological features of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model for MS, including paralysis, demyelination, central nervous system (CNS) inflammation/oxidative stress and blood-brain barrier (BBB) breakdown.

Inhibition of galectin-3 ameliorates the consequences of cardiac lipotoxicity in a rat model of diet-induced obesity.

Obesity is accompanied by metabolic alterations characterized by insulin resistance and cardiac lipotoxicity. Galectin-3 (Gal-3) induces cardiac inflammation and fibrosis in the context of obesity; however, its role in the metabolic consequences of obesity is not totally established. We have investigated the potential role of Gal-3 in the cardiac metabolic disturbances associated with obesity.

The role of oxidative stress in the crosstalk between leptin and mineralocorticoid receptor in the cardiac fibrosis associated with obesity.

We have investigated whether mineralocorticoid receptor activation can participate in the profibrotic effects of leptin in cardiac myofibroblasts, as well as the potential mechanisms involved. The presence of eplerenone reduced the leptin-induced increase in protein levels of collagen I, transforming growth factor β, connective tissue growth factor and galectin-3 and the levels of both total and mitochondrial of superoxide anion (O) in cardiac myofibroblasts. Likewise, the MEK/ERK inhibitor, PD98059, and the PI3/Akt inhibitor, LY294002, showed a similar pattern.

The impact of obesity in the cardiac lipidome and its consequences in the cardiac damage observed in obese rats.

Aims: To explore the impact of obesity on the cardiac lipid profile in rats with diet-induced obesity, as well as to evaluate whether or not the specific changes in lipid species are associated with cardiac fibrosis.

Methods: Male Wistar rats were fed either a high-fat diet (HFD, 35% fat) or standard diet (3.5% fat) for 6 weeks.

Switch from epoetin to darbepoetin alfa in hemodialysis: dose equivalence and hemoglobin stability.

Aim: The objective of the study reported here was to describe dose equivalence and hemoglobin (Hb) stability in a cohort of unselected hemodialysis patients who were switched simultaneously from epoetin alfa to darbepoetin alfa.

Methods: This was a multicenter, observational, retrospective study in patients aged ≥18 years who switched from intravenous (IV) epoetin alfa to IV darbepoetin alfa in October 2007 (Month 0) and continued on hemodialysis for at least 24 months. The dose was adjusted to maintain Hb within 1.

Efficacy and safety of cinacalcet for the treatment of secondary hyperparathyroidism in patients with advanced chronic kidney disease before initiation of regular dialysis.

Aim: To evaluate the compassionate use of cinacalcet for the management of secondary hyperparathyroidism in patients who are not on dialysis.

Methods: Patients with stage 4-5 chronic kidney disease (CKD) who were not on dialysis, had an intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) level greater than 300 pg/mL, and had not responded satisfactorily to treatment with phosphate binders and vitamin D were prospectively studied. Patients received 6 months of compassionate treatment with cinacalcet, which was initiated at a dose of 30 mg/day orally and flexibly dosed thereafter based on iPTH levels.

Effect of acetate-free biofiltration with a potassium-profiled dialysate on the control of cardiac arrhythmias in patients at risk: a pilot study.

Cardiac arrhythmias are a frequent event in chronic hemodialysis patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of acetate-free hemofiltration with potassium-profiled dialysate (AFB-K) dialysis compared with constant potassium acetate-free biofiltration (AFB). Twelve patients (mean age 79 years) affected by cardiac arrhythmias or at a high risk for arrhythmia (advanced age, hypertension, left ventricular hypertrophy, heart valve disease, coronary artery disease, diabetes, paroxysmal atrial fibrillation) participated in a single-center, sequential cohort study.

Use of pure bicarbonate-buffered peritoneal dialysis fluid reduces the incidence of CAPD peritonitis.

Background: Advances in bag connection technology have reduced the incidence of peritonitis in CAPD patients but there is little information on the effect of the new peritoneal dialysis fluids.

Methods: We studied the incidence of CAPD peritonitis for about 3 years in 100 incident patients--50 patients dialysed with lactate-buffered solution, pH 5.5 and containing glucose degradation products (GDP) (lactate group), and 50 patients with pure bicarbonate-buffered solution, pH 7.

Online hemodiafiltration: 4 years of clinical experience.

Online hemodiafiltration (online HDF) is a new hemodialysis technique combining convection and diffusion and thus also enabling the purification of large molecules. As yet, only a small number of clinical experiences have been published about the effectiveness and safety of online HDF. We present a prospective and observational study conducted on 31 patients treated with online HDF in our center in the last 4 years.

The effect of Cyclosporine A chronic administration on the antioxidant pattern of rat liver mitochondria: structural and functional consequences.

Cyclosporine A (CsA) plays a pivotal role in controlling Ca2+ movement in the cell modulating also the mitochondrial permeability transition pore. We investigated if chronic administration of CsA may have some effects on the lipophilic and hydrophilic antioxidant pattern of rat liver mitochondria and on their morphological structure. It seems that CsA administration does not statistically affect the redox status of the antioxidants investigated and their amounts (vitamin E, CoQ9, CoQ10, glutathione, uric acid and ascorbic acid) despite the variety of effects that this treatment produces at physiological and morphological levels.