Evaluation of the enantioselective in vitro metabolism of the chiral pesticide fipronil employing a human model: Risk assessment through in vitro-in vivo correlation and prediction of toxicokinetic parameters.

The chiral pesticide fipronil is employed as a racemic mixture to control pests. Although there are no enantioselective differences in the fipronil enantiomer activities toward target organisms, fipronil enantiomers may exhibit enantioselective differences in their bioaccumulation, toxicity, and metabolism toward non-target organisms, including humans. The present work aims to provide significant reliable enantioselective information concerning fipronil risk assessment in humans.