Social environment improves immune function and redox state in several organs from prematurely aging female mice and increases their lifespan.

Aging is associated with a chronic oxidative stress (increase of oxidants and decrease of antioxidants), which contributes to immunosenescence and therefore shorter longevity. Nevertheless, a positive social network has been related to the adequate maintenance of health and deceleration of aging. Adult prematurely aging mice (PAM) are characterized by their inadequate stress response to a T-maze, showing premature immunosenescence and oxidative stress establishment.

The aged-related increase in xanthine oxidase expression and activity in several tissues from mice is not shown in long-lived animals.

Xanthine oxidase (XO) is an important source of oxidant production and plays an essential role in several oxidative stress-related diseases. Aging is associated with a progressive deregulation of homeostasis as a result of a chronic oxidative stress situation. In the present work the age-related changes in XO expression and activity, as well as the activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase have been investigated in liver, kidney and thymus from four different age groups of mice, including long-lived animals.

Age-related changes in xanthine oxidase activity and lipid peroxidation, as well as in the correlation between both parameters, in plasma and several organs from female mice.

Xanthine oxidase, a purine catabolism enzyme, has been implicated as an important source of oxidant production and plays an essential role in several inflammatory and oxidative stress-related diseases. It is known that the increasing levels of oxidants cause the chronic oxidative stress characteristic of the ageing process. The aim of the present work was to determine the changes in xanthine oxidase activity and oxidative damage to lipids in several organs (liver, kidney, spleen, lung and two different brain areas, namely cerebral cortex and brainstem) and plasma from two different age groups of BALB/c female mice: adult (7-month-old) and old (18-month-old) mice, as well as to analyse the possible correlation between both parameters.

Lead intoxication in gestational and lactation periods alters the development of male reproductive organs.

The effect of lead (Pb) intoxication during pregnancy and lactation on the male reproductive system was studied to evaluate the alterations caused by Pb in the development of pups. The investigations covered the effect of lead on the course of spermatogenesis and the development of the epididymis and reproductive glands. For this purpose, dams were intoxicated with 300 mg/L Pb during the gestational period and through lactation.

Gestational and lactational lead intoxication produces alterations in the hepatic system of rat pups.

The effects of lead (Pb) intoxication during pregnancy and lactation were studied in the hepatic system of pups and young Wistar rats to test the hypothesis that gestational and lactational lead exposure alters the normal function of the liver in neonates. Lead acetate (300 mg/L) dissolved in distilled water was administered ad libitum to mothers during gestation and lactation. At days 12 and 21 postnatal (PN), pups were sacrificed, blood was collected, and livers were removed.