A systematic review of qualitative studies: patients' experiences of preoperative communication.

Aim: This article reports on a systematic review of qualitative studies on patients' experiences of preoperative communication with healthcare professionals.

Background: Communication is critical for providing efficient care to patients. It is especially important for patients waiting for surgery, as they experience a variety of unknowns before the procedure.

Morphology and stability of CO2-in-water foams with nonionic hydrocarbon surfactants.

The morphologies, stabilities, and viscosities of high-pressure carbon dioxide-in-water (C/W) foams (emulsions) formed with branched nonionic hydrocarbon surfactants were investigated by in situ optical microscopy and capillary rheology. Over two dozen hydrocarbon surfactants were shown to stabilize C/W foams with Sauter mean bubble diameters as low as 1 to 2 microm. Coalescence of the C/W foam bubbles was rare for bubbles larger than about 0.