Pine wilt disease: what do we know from proteomics?

Pine wilt disease (PWD) is a devastating forest disease caused by the pinewood nematode (PWN), Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, a migratory endoparasite that infects several coniferous species. During the last 20 years, advances have been made for understanding the molecular bases of PWN-host trees interactions. Major advances emerged from transcriptomic and genomic studies, which revealed some unique features related to PWN pathogenicity and constituted fundamental data that allowed the development of postgenomic studies.

Transcriptome analysis reveals the high ribosomal inhibitory action of 1,4-naphthoquinone on infective second-stage juveniles.

The root-knot nematode (RKN) presents a threat to the production of several important crops. This nematode species was added to the European Plant Protection Organization Alert list in 2017. The scarce availability of efficient nematicides to control RKN and the phasing out of nematicides from the market have intensified the search for alternatives, such as phytochemicals with bionematicidal properties.

Juglone and 1,4-Naphthoquinone-Promising Nematicides for Sustainable Control of the Root Knot Nematode .

The scarce availability of efficient and eco-friendly nematicides to control root-knot nematodes (RKN), spp., has encouraged research toward the development of bionematicides. Naphthoquinones, juglone (JUG) and 1,4-naphthoquinone (1,4-NTQ), are being explored as alternatives to synthetic nematicides to control RKN.

Differential Impact of the Pinewood Nematode on Species Under Drought Conditions.

The pinewood nematode (PWN), , responsible for the pine wilt disease (PWD), is a major threat to pine forests worldwide. Since forest mortality due to PWN might be exacerbated by climate, the concerns regarding PWD in the Mediterranean region are further emphasized by the projected scenarios of more drought events and higher temperatures. In this context, it is essential to better understand the pine species vulnerability to PWN under these conditions.

First report of root knot nematodes and parasitizing sweet potato, L., in Portugal.

Sweet potato, Ipomoea batatas L., is a tuberous root vegetable rich in low glycemic sugars, vitamins and fibers (Galvão et al., 2021).

Virulence Biomarkers of : A Proteomic Approach.

The pinewood nematode (PWN), , one of the most serious forest pests worldwide, is considered the causal agent of the pine wilt disease (PWD). The main host species belong to the genus , and a variation in the susceptibility of several pine species to PWN infection is well-known. It is also recognized that there is variation in the virulence among isolates.

-A Threat to Rice Production: Review Update on Distribution, Biology, Identification, and Management.

Rice ( L.) is one of the main cultivated crops worldwide and represents a staple food for more than half of the world population. Root-knot nematodes (RKNs), spp.

Species-Specific Molecular Detection of the Root Knot Nematode .

has been identified in various countries around the world parasitizing economically important crops and, due to its potential to cause serious damage to agriculture, was included in the European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization Alert List in 2017. This species shares morphological and molecular similarities with and , and a group was therefore established. Although specific primers for the DNA amplification of species belonging to the group have been developed previously, the primers were not species-specific, so molecular markers for the specific detection of are still needed.

Comparative Analysis of Secretome Under and Stimuli.

The pinewood nematode (PWN), , the pine wilt disease's (PWD) causal agent, is a migratory endoparasitic nematode skilled to feed on pine tissues and on fungi that colonize the trees. In order to study secretomes under the stimulus of pine species with different susceptibilities to disease, nematodes were exposed to aqueous pine extracts from (high-susceptible host) and (low-susceptible host). Sequential windowed acquisition of all theoretical mass spectra (SWATH-MS) was used to determine relative changes in protein amounts between secretions, and a total of 776 secreted proteins were quantified in both secretomes.

Parasitizing Potato Crops: Morphometric and Genetic Variability of Portuguese Isolates.

The root lesion is an economically important pest affecting a wide range of plants. The morphometry of five isolates, parasitizing potato roots in Portugal, was compared and variability within and between isolates was observed. Of the 15 characters assessed, vulva position (V%) in females and the stylet length in both females/males showed the lowest coefficient of intra and inter-isolate variability.

Bonsai "Tiger bark" Parasitized by the Root-Knot Nematode and the Spiral Nematode , a New Plant Host Record for Both Species.

In December 2017, a "Tiger bark" bonsai tree was acquired in a shopping center in Coimbra, Portugal, without symptoms in the leaves, but showing small atypical galls of infection caused by root-knot nematodes (RKN), spp. The soil nematode community was assessed and four Tylenchida genera were detected: (94.02%), s.

Cysteine proteases secreted by the pinewood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus: In silico analysis.

The pinewood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, is an important plant-parasitic nematode responsible for the development of the pine wilt disease and recognised as a major forest pest. Previous studies on the comparison of B. xylophilus and B.

Belowground Microbiota and the Health of Tree Crops.

Trees are crucial for sustaining life on our planet. Forests and land devoted to tree crops do not only supply essential edible products to humans and animals, but also additional goods such as paper or wood. They also prevent soil erosion, support microbial, animal, and plant biodiversity, play key roles in nutrient and water cycling processes, and mitigate the effects of climate change acting as carbon dioxide sinks.

First report of Meloidogyne graminis on golf courses turfgrass in Brazil.

Plant-parasitic nematodes of the genus Meloidogyne, known as root-knot nematodes (RKN), have an important economic impact on golf course turfgrasses. The most prevalent RKN species associated with grasses are M. chitwoodi, M.

Bursaphelenchus xylophilus and B. mucronatus secretomes: a comparative proteomic analysis.

The pinewood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, recognized as a worldwide major forest pest, is a migratory endoparasitic nematode with capacity to feed on pine tissues and also on fungi colonizing the trees. Bursaphelenchus mucronatus, the closest related species, differs from B. xylophilus on its pathogenicity, making this nematode a good candidate for comparative analyses.

Morphological, Biometrical, Biochemical, and Molecular Characterization of the Coffee Root-Knot Nematode Meloidogyne megadora.

Meloidogyne megadora infects coffee trees, an economically important crop worldwide. The accurate identification of M. megadora is essential for the development of preventive measures to avoid the dispersion of this pathogen and establishment of efficient and sustainable integrated pest management programs.

Protein markers of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus Steiner & Buhrer, 1934 (Nickle, 1970) populations using quantitative proteomics and character compatibility.

The Pine Wood Nematode (PWN) Bursaphelenchus xylophilus is a severe forest pathogen in countries where it has been introduced and is considered a worldwide quarantine organism. In this study, protein markers for differentiating populations of this nematode were identified by studying differences among four selected Iberian and one American population. These populations were compared by quantitative proteomics (iTRAQ).

Relation between magnetic parameters and nematode abundance in agricultural soils of Portugal--a multidisciplinary study in the scope of environmental magnetism.

Soil is composed of different types of particles which are either natural or of anthropogenic origin. Anthropogenic particles are often related to the presence of heavy metals and thus provide information on soil quality. Magnetic parameters can detect the presence of such particles and may be used as a proxy for environmental pollution.

Diversity of bacteria carried by pinewood nematode in USA and phylogenetic comparison with isolates from other countries.

Pine wilt disease (PWD) is native to North America and has spread to Asia and Europe. Lately, mutualistic relationship has been suggested between the pinewood nematode (PWN), Bursaphelenchus xylophilus the causal nematode agent of PWD, and bacteria. In countries where PWN occurs, nematodes from diseased trees were reported to carry bacteria from several genera.

Assessment of the geographic origins of pinewood nematode isolates via single nucleotide polymorphism in effector genes.

The pinewood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, is native to North America but it only causes damaging pine wilt disease in those regions of the world where it has been introduced. The accurate detection of the species and its dispersal routes are thus essential to define effective control measures. The main goals of this study were to analyse the genetic diversity among B.

Nematicidal bacteria associated to pinewood nematode produce extracellular proteases.

Bacteria associated with the nematode Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, a pathogen of trees and the causal agent of pine wilt disease (PWD) may play a role in the disease. In order to evaluate their role (positive or negative to the tree), strains isolated from the track of nematodes from infected Pinus pinaster trees were screened, in vitro, for their nematicidal potential. The bacterial products, from strains more active in killing nematodes, were screened in order to identify and characterize the nematicidal agent.

The mitochondrial genome of the pinewood nematode (Bursaphelenchus xylophilus) lineage introduced in Europe.

The pinewood nematode (PWN) Bursaphelenchus xylophilus is the causative agent of pine wilt disease and the greatest biological threat to conifer forests worldwide. Here we describe the near-complete mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequence (12,945 bp) of the PWN lineage recently introduced in Europe. The absence of polymorphisms across the mtDNA of three Portuguese isolates suggests that a single mitochondrial lineage was introduced in southwestern Europe.

New insights into the phylogeny and worldwide dispersion of two closely related nematode species, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus and Bursaphelenchus mucronatus.

The pinewood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, is one of the greatest threats to coniferous forests worldwide, causing severe ecological damage and economic loss. The biology of B. xylophilus is similar to that of its closest relative, B.

Carbofuran effects in soil nematode communities: using trait and taxonomic based approaches.

This work intends to implement the use of native soil nematode communities in ecotoxicological tests using a model pesticide and two geographically nematode communities (Mediterranean and sub-tropical) in order to obtain new perspectives on the evaluation of the toxic potential of chemical substances. The environmental condition of the nematode communities was described using a trait-based approach (grouping the organisms according to their feeding traits) and a traditional taxonomic method (identification to family level). Effects on total nematode abundance, number of families and abundance of nematode feeding groups as well as potential shifts in both trophic and family structure were assessed.