[Renal effects of GLP-1 agonists in type 2 diabetes].

The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) is increasing, generating a great impact both at individual and public health level. Nearly half of the patients with DM2 develop impaired renal function, so nephron-protection is highly important. The robust body of evidence that shifted the therapeutic focus from glycemic to cardio-renal metabolic therapy in DM2 led to the inclusion of new therapies with cardiovascular and renal benefits in international guidelines.

[Cardiovascular effects of new non-insulinic anti-diabetes drugs].

Diabetes mellitus is currently a serious public health problem worldwide, that increases the risk of presenting microvascular and macrovascular complications. Although achieving the recommended blood glucose goals reduces the risk of microvascular complications, the effect of the drugs used to treat hyperglycemia on macrovascular complications and cardiovascular death is a cause for concern. In this context, the regulatory agencies have modified the regulations for the approval of new drugs in diabetes, by adding the need to demonstrate that they are capable of lowering blood glucose levels together with a solid assessment of cardiovascular safety.

Effect of Sitagliptin on Kidney Function and Respective Cardiovascular Outcomes in Type 2 Diabetes: Outcomes From TECOS.

Objective: To evaluate chronic kidney disease (CKD) and cardiovascular outcomes in TECOS (Clinical trial reg. no. NCT00790205, clinicaltrials.

[Insulinization in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Intensification options].

Diabetes mellitus is associated with vascular complications and high rates of morbidity and mortality. Timely insulin therapy, intensified when necessary, represent appropriate measures to prevent or delay the onset of complications. However, the incidence of hypoglycemia and difficulties in treatment adherence represent barriers to achieve therapeutic success.

[Latin American consensus on hypertension in patients with diabetes type 2 and metabolic syndrome].

The present document has been prepared by a group of experts, members of cardiology, endocrinology, internal medicine, nephrology and diabetes societies of Latin American countries, to serve as a guide to physicians taking care of patients with diabetes, hypertension and comorbidities or complications of both conditions. Although the concept of metabolic syndrome is currently disputed, the higher prevalence in Latin America of that cluster of metabolic alterations has suggested that metabolic syndrome is a useful nosography entity in the context of Latin American medicine. Therefore, in the present document, particular attention is paid to this syndrome in order to alert physicians on a particular high-risk population, usually underestimated and undertreated.

[Update on the diagnosis of diabetes].

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disease characterized by the presence of hyperglycemia. This condition must be detected early in order to establish a proper treatment and prevent its micro and macro vascular complications. The diagnosis of diabetes mellitus is based on the detection of abnormally high levels of glycemia.

[Latin American consensus on hypertension in patients with diabetes type 2 and metabolic syndrome].

The present document has been prepared by a group of experts, members of Cardiology, Endocrinology, Internal Medicine, Nephrology and Diabetes societies of Latin American countries, to serve as a guide to physicians taking care of patients with diabetes, hypertension and comorbidities or complications of both conditions. Although the concept of metabolic syndrome is currently disputed, the higher prevalence in Latin America of that cluster of metabolic alterations has suggested that metabolic syndrome is useful nosography entity in the context of Latin American medicine. Therefore, in the present document, particular attention is paid to this syndrome in order to alert physicians on a particular high- risk population, usually underestimated and undertreated.

Latin American consensus on hypertension in patients with diabetes type 2 and metabolic syndrome.

The present document has been prepared by a group of experts, members of cardiology, endocrinology and diabetes societies of Latin American countries, to serve as a guide to physicians taking care of patients with diabetes, hypertension and comorbidities or complications of both conditions. Although the concept of 'metabolic syndrome' is currently disputed, the higher prevalence in Latin America of that cluster of metabolic alterations has suggested that 'metabolic syndrome' is a useful nosographic entity in the context of Latin American medicine. Therefore, in the present document, particular attention is paid to this syndrome in order to alert physicians on a particularly high-risk population, usually underestimated and undertreated.

Effect of valsartan on the incidence of diabetes and cardiovascular events.

Background: It is not known whether drugs that block the renin-angiotensin system reduce the risk of diabetes and cardiovascular events in patients with impaired glucose tolerance.

Methods: In this double-blind, randomized clinical trial with a 2-by-2 factorial design, we assigned 9306 patients with impaired glucose tolerance and established cardiovascular disease or cardiovascular risk factors to receive valsartan (up to 160 mg daily) or placebo (and nateglinide or placebo) in addition to lifestyle modification. We then followed the patients for a median of 5.

Effect of nateglinide on the incidence of diabetes and cardiovascular events.

Background: The ability of short-acting insulin secretagogues to reduce the risk of diabetes or cardiovascular events in people with impaired glucose tolerance is unknown.

Methods: In a double-blind, randomized clinical trial, we assigned 9306 participants with impaired glucose tolerance and either cardiovascular disease or cardiovascular risk factors to receive nateglinide (up to 60 mg three times daily) or placebo, in a 2-by-2 factorial design with valsartan or placebo, in addition to participation in a lifestyle modification program. We followed the participants for a median of 5.

Endocrine therapies and QTc prolongation.

QT interval represents the period between the initiation of depolarization and the end of repolarization of the ventricular myocardium. Excessive prolongation of this interval may drive to a potentially fatal ventricular tachyarrhythmia known as "torsades de pointes". Agents used to manage many endocrine disorders have been linked with QTc alterations.

Lipoprotein alterations, hepatic lipase activity, and insulin sensitivity in subclinical hypothyroidism: response to L-T(4) treatment.

Unlabelled: Subclinical hypothyroidism (sH) has been associated with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease even in the absence of hypercholesterolemia.

Objective: Our study was designed to assess the hypothesis that other pro-atherogenic parameters, such as qualitative lipoprotein changes and insulin resistance, might be present in sH.

Design And Methods: Twenty-one sH women were compared to 11 female controls matched for body mass index, menopausal status, and age.