Caregiver Psychopathology, Resilience, and Their Associations with Social-Emotional Challenges of Young Children Affected by Armed Conflict in Colombia.

We examined the social and emotional challenges (SEC) of young children and the mental health of their caregivers in areas affected by armed conflict and displacement in Colombia. Anxiety, depression, and PTSD symptoms were assessed in 1,133 caregivers. Caregivers also reported on the SEC of their children aged 21-53 months.

Lessons From Low- and Middle-Income Countries: Alleviating the Behavioral Health Workforce Shortage in the United States.

The United States is facing a mental health workforce shortage, exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic. Low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) have historically grappled with even greater shortages. Therefore, LMICs have thought creatively about expanding the mental health workforce and the settings in which to deliver evidence-based and equitable mental health care.

FACTORS INFLUENCING ANTI-POLYRIBOSYLRIBITOL PHOSPHATE TITRES IN YOUNG NIGERIAN CHILDREN PRIMED WITH DTWP-HEPB-HIB VACCINE.

Introduction: Recent research suggests that variation in vaccine-induced immune responses is influenced by genetic, nutritional, environmental, and vaccine-related factors, with significant vaccine design and programmatic policy implications. Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) Conjugate Vaccine (HCV) stimulates the production of antiPolyribosylribitol phosphate (anti-PRP) antibodies, which confer long-term protection against invasive Hib disease and nasopharyngeal colonization by Hib at titre levels ≥1μg/mL and ≥5μg/mL respectively. This study investigated the influence of these factors on the protective anti-PRP levels in children aged 6-23 months in Obi L.

SEROPROTECTION RATE OF HAEMOPHILUS INFLUENZAE TYPE B CONJUGATE VACCINE AND ASSOCIATED CLINICAL OUTCOMES AMONG NIGERIAN CHILDREN AGED 6 TO 23 MONTHS.

Introduction: Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) causes invasive infections almost exclusively in under- fives with those aged 6-23 months being the most vulnerable. In Nigeria, it is estimated to cause nearly 400,000 annual infections and another 30,000 under-five mortality attributable to pneumonia and meningitis alone. The Hib Conjugate Vaccine (HCV) is in widespread use to combat these devastating infections.

Field evaluation of a point-of-care triage test for active tuberculosis (TriageTB).

Background: To improve tuberculosis (TB) diagnosis, the World Health Organisation (WHO) has called for a non-sputum based triage test to focus TB testing on people with a high likelihood of having active pulmonary tuberculosis (TB). Various host or pathogen biomarker-based testing devices are in design stage and require validity assessment. Host biomarkers have shown promise to accurately rule out active TB, but further research is required to determine generalisability.

Plotter Cut Stencil Masks for the Deposition of Organic and Inorganic Materials and a New Rapid, Cost Effective Technique for Antimicrobial Evaluations.

Plotter cutters in stencil mask prototyping are underutilized but have several advantages over traditional MEMS techniques. In this paper we investigate the use of a conventional plotter cutter as a highly effective benchtop tool for the rapid prototyping of stencil masks in the sub-250 μm range and characterize patterned layers of organic/inorganic materials. Furthermore, we show a new diagnostic monitoring application for use in healthcare, and a potential replacement of the Standard Kirby-Bauer Diffusion Antibiotic Resistance tests was developed and tested on both and as pathogens with Oxytetracycline, Streptomycin and Kanamycin.

3D Continuously Porous Graphene for Energy Applications.

Constructing bulk graphene materials with well-reserved 2D properties is essential for device and engineering applications of atomically thick graphene. In this article, the recent progress in the fabrications and applications of sterically continuous porous graphene with designable microstructures, chemistries, and properties for energy storage and conversion are reviewed. Both template-based and template-free methods have been developed to synthesize the 3D continuously porous graphene, which typically has the microstructure reminiscent of pseudo-periodic minimal surfaces.

Twisting of 2D Kagomé Sheets in Layered Intermetallics.

Chemical bonding in 2D layered materials and van der Waals solids is central to understanding and harnessing their unique electronic, magnetic, optical, thermal, and superconducting properties. Here, we report the discovery of spontaneous, bidirectional, bilayer twisting (twist angle ∼4.5°) in the metallic kagomé MgCoGe at = 100(2) K via X-ray diffraction measurements, enabled by the preparation of single crystals by the Laser Bridgman method.

Graphene-coated nanoporous nickel towards a metal-catalyzed oxygen evolution reaction.

Developing highly active electrocatalysts with low costs and long durability for oxygen evolution reactions (OERs) is crucial towards the practical implementations of electrocatalytic water-splitting and rechargeable metal-air batteries. Anodized nanostructured 3d transition metals and alloys with the formation of OER-active oxides/hydroxides are known to have high catalytic activity towards OERs but suffer from poor electrical conductivity and electrochemical stability in harsh oxidation environments. Here we report that high OER activity can be achieved from the metallic state of Ni which is passivated by atomically thick graphene in a three-dimensional nanoporous architecture.

Atomic Ni and Cu co-anchored 3D nanoporous graphene as an efficient oxygen reduction electrocatalyst for zinc-air batteries.

Highly active, cost-effective and durable electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) are critically important for renewable energy conversion and storage. Here we report a 3D bicontinuous nitrogen doped nanoporous graphene electrocatalyst co-anchoring with atomically dispersed nickel and copper atoms ((Ni,Cu)-NG) as a highly active single-atom ORR catalyst, fabricated by the combination of chemical vapor deposition and high temperature gas transportation. The resultant (Ni,Cu)-NG exhibits an exceptional ORR activity in alkaline electrolytes, comparable to the Pt-based benchmarks, from the synergistic effect of the CuNx and NiNx complexes.

Effect of Local Atomic Structure on Sodium Ion Storage in Hard Amorphous Carbon.

The fundamental understanding of sodium storage mechanisms in amorphous carbon is essential to develop high-performance anode materials for sodium-ion batteries. However, the intrinsic relation between the structure of amorphous carbon and Na storage remains to be debated due to the difficulty in controlling and characterizing the local atomic configurations of amorphous carbon. Here we report quantitative measurements of Na storage in a low-temperature dealloyed hard carbon with a tunable local structure from completely disordered micropores to gradually increased graphitic order domains.

Racial Implicit Associations in Psychiatric Diagnosis, Treatment, and Compliance Expectations.

Objective: Racial and ethnic disparities are well documented in psychiatry, yet suboptimal understanding of underlying mechanisms of these disparities undermines diversity, inclusion, and education efforts. Prior research suggests that implicit associations can affect human behavior, which may ultimately influence healthcare disparities. This study investigated whether racial implicit associations exist among medical students and psychiatric physicians and whether race/ethnicity, training level, age, and gender predicted racial implicit associations.

CXCR4 inhibition in human pancreatic and colorectal cancers induces an integrated immune response.

Inhibition of the chemokine receptor CXCR4 in combination with blockade of the PD-1/PD-L1 T cell checkpoint induces T cell infiltration and anticancer responses in murine and human pancreatic cancer. Here we elucidate the mechanism by which CXCR4 inhibition affects the tumor immune microenvironment. In human immune cell-based chemotaxis assays, we find that CXCL12-stimulated CXCR4 inhibits the directed migration mediated by CXCR1, CXCR3, CXCR5, CXCR6, and CCR2, respectively, chemokine receptors expressed by all of the immune cell types that participate in an integrated immune response.

Dirac Fermion Kinetics in 3D Curved Graphene.

3D integration of graphene has attracted attention for realizing carbon-based electronic devices. While the 3D integration can amplify various excellent properties of graphene, the influence of 3D curved surfaces on the fundamental physical properties of graphene has not been clarified. The electronic properties of 3D nanoporous graphene with a curvature radius down to 25-50 nm are systematically investigated and the ambipolar electronic states of Dirac fermions are essentially preserved in the 3D graphene nanoarchitectures, while the 3D curvature can effectively suppress the slope of the linear density of states of Dirac fermion near the Fermi level are demonstrated.

What Does Immunology Have to Do With Normal Brain Development and the Pathophysiology Underlying Tourette Syndrome and Related Neuropsychiatric Disorders?

The goal of this article is to review the past decade's literature and provide a critical commentary on the involvement of immunological mechanisms in normal brain development, as well as its role in the pathophysiology of Tourette syndrome, other Chronic tic disorders (CTD), and related neuropsychiatric disorders including Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). We conducted a literature search using the Medline/PubMed and EMBASE electronic databases to locate relevant articles and abstracts published between 2009 and 2020, using a comprehensive list of search terms related to immune mechanisms and the diseases of interest, including both clinical and animal model studies. The cellular and molecular processes that constitute our "immune system" are crucial to normal brain development and the formation and maintenance of neural circuits.

Identification and Quantification of Technetium Species in Hanford Waste Tank AN-102.

Technetium-99 (Tc), a high yield fission product generated in nuclear reactors, is one of the most difficult contaminants to address at the U.S. Department of Energy Hanford, Savannah River, and other sites.

Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Symptoms Predict Poorer Response to Gamma Ventral Capsulotomy for Intractable OCD.

Gamma ventral capsulotomy (GVC) is a radiosurgical procedure which aims to create lesions in the ventral part of the anterior limb of the internal capsule (ALIC). It has been used as a treatment option for patients with intractable obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) who do not respond to several first-line treatments attempts. However, changes in personality disorder symptoms after GVC have not been investigated.

Inlaid ReS Quantum Dots in Monolayer MoS.

Two-dimensional (2D) transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) are prospective materials for quantum devices owing to their inherent 2D confinements. They also provide a platform to realize even lower-dimensional in-plane electron confinement, for example, 0D quantum dots, for exotic physical properties. However, fabrication of such laterally confined monolayer (1L) nanostructure in 1L crystals remains challenging.

A nuclear lamina-chromatin-Ran GTPase axis modulates nuclear import and DNA damage signaling.

The Ran GTPase regulates nuclear import and export by controlling the assembly state of transport complexes. This involves the direct action of RanGTP, which is generated in the nucleus by the chromatin-associated nucleotide exchange factor, RCC1. Ran interactions with RCC1 contribute to formation of a nuclear:cytoplasmic (N:C) Ran protein gradient in interphase cells.

The Heartrate Reaction to Acute Stress in Horned Passalus Beetles (Odontotaenius disjunctus) is Negatively Affected by a Naturally-Occurring Nematode Parasite.

There are many events in the lives of insects where rapid, effective stress reactions are needed, including fighting conspecifics to defend territories, evading predators, and responding to wounds. A key element of the stress reaction is elevation of heartrate (HR), for enhancing distribution of blood (hemolymph) to body compartments. We conducted two experiments designed to improve understanding of the insect stress reaction and how it is influenced by parasitism in a common beetle species ().

Fumarate induces redox-dependent senescence by modifying glutathione metabolism.

Mutations in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle enzyme fumarate hydratase (FH) are associated with a highly malignant form of renal cancer. We combined analytical chemistry and metabolic computational modelling to investigate the metabolic implications of FH loss in immortalized and primary mouse kidney cells. Here, we show that the accumulation of fumarate caused by the inactivation of FH leads to oxidative stress that is mediated by the formation of succinicGSH, a covalent adduct between fumarate and glutathione.

Implementation of a care management model for depression at two primary care clinics.

The Mayo clinic participated in the Depression Improvement Across Minnesota, Offering a New Direction model at two Mayo Family Clinics, that is, the Rochester Northwest and Northeast sites. Although the Northwest and Northeast clinics demonstrated the best 6-month remission rates in the state during the first year of implementation, they were retrospectively found to differ on several process issues and on measures related to the populations served. Six-month remission rates were significantly better at Northwest clinic; yet, Northeast clinic had more patient contacts.

Integrin signaling aberrations in prostate cancer.

Integrins are cell surface receptors for extracellular matrix proteins and play a key role in cell survival, proliferation, migration and gene expression. Integrin signaling has been shown to be deregulated in several types of cancer, including prostate cancer. This review is focused on integrin signaling pathways known to be deregulated in prostate cancer and known to promote prostate cancer progression.