Trends in Aesthetic Surgery Fellowship Training: An Analysis of Supply and Demand.

Background: Aesthetic surgery fellowship applications were consolidated under the San Francisco Match in 2018. The impact of these changes on aesthetic program and applicant numbers had not yet been investigated.

Objectives: In this study we sought to evaluate changes in programs, positions, applications, match rates, and fill rates since aesthetic surgery joined the San Francisco Match.

Stem Cell Therapy Enriched Fat Grafting for the Reconstruction of Craniofacial Deficits.

Unlabelled: Fat grafting is an effective treatment for craniofacial deformities. Stromal vascular fraction (SVF) is a concentrated form of adipose derived stem cells that can be isolated from fat. The aim of this clinical trial was to assess the impact of SVF enrichment on craniofacial fat grafting.

Light-Guided Percutaneous Neck Rejuvenation With Division of Platysma Bands and Suture Suspension: A Multicenter Retrospective Study.

Background: Traditional invasive suture suspension techniques have proven efficacy and durability. A previously described percutaneous placement of a neck suspension suture with light guidance has transformed this into a minimally invasive technique. This novel technique provides a major advance for minimally invasive neck rejuvenation.

Dense inorganic electrolyte particles as a lever to promote composite electrolyte conductivity.

Solid-state batteries are seen as key to the development of safer and higher-energy-density batteries, by limiting flammability and enabling the use of the lithium metal anode, respectively. Composite polymer-ceramic electrolytes are a possible solution for their realization, by benefiting from the combined mechanical properties of the polymer electrolyte and the thermal stability and high conductivity of the ceramic electrolyte. In this study we used different liquid electrolyte chemistries as models for the polymer electrolytes, and evaluated the effect of adding a variety of porous and dense ceramic electrolytes on the conductivity.

Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy of PEO-LATP Model Multilayers: Ionic Charge Transport and Transfer.

Solid-state batteries are seen as a possible revolutionary technology, with increased safety and energy density compared to their liquid-electrolyte-based counterparts. Composite polymer/ceramic electrolytes are candidates of interest to develop a reliable solid-state battery due to the potential synergy between the organic (softness ensuring good interfaces) and inorganic (high ionic transport) material properties. Multilayers made of a polymer/ceramic/polymer assembly are model composite electrolytes to investigate ionic charge transport and transfer.

Comparison of a Novel Silicone Gel Wound Dressing vs Bacitracin After Follicular Unit Extraction Hair Transplantation.

Background: Follicular unit extraction (FUE) hair transplantation subjects are excellent candidates to assess wound dressings. The wound surface area is large and adequately delineated to allow randomization, while in-patient split scalp designs allow patients to serve as their own controls.

Objectives: This randomized, single-blinded, split-scalp comparison trial compares a novel, film-forming silicone gel-Stratamed (SM; Stratpharma AG, Basel, Switzerland)-to Bacitracin (Bac; McKesson Medical-Surgical Inc.

Promoting School Safety for LGBTQ and All Students.

Schools are often unsafe for lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, and questioning (LGBTQ) students; they frequently experience negative or hostile school climates, including bullying and discrimination based on sexual orientation and gender identity at school. Negative school climates and discriminatory experiences can threaten LGBTQ students' well-being. Simultaneously, a consistent body of research identifies strategies to support LGBTQ and all students to be safe and thrive at school.

Management of paediatric recurrent urinary tract infections and challenges in special patient populations.

Background: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) affect up to 8.4% of girls and 1.7% of boys within their first six years of life.

Flap Closure of Spinal Defects in High-Risk Patients: A 10-Year Institutional Experience.

Background: Complication rates after spinal surgery are high, in part because of surgical advancements that have made procedures available to a broader range of medically complicated patients. The high rates of infection, hematoma, and dehiscence resulting in open wounds after spinal surgery often warrant plastic surgery involvement. In this study, we aim to examine the effects of preoperative and operative risk factors on complication rates, reoperation rates, and hospital length of stay after flap reconstruction of spinal defects.

Temperature-Controlled Monopolar Radiofrequency in the Treatment of Submental Skin Laxity: A Prospective Study.

Background: Laxity of the submental area is a common cosmetic complaint of the aging population.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the safety and effectiveness of a temperature-controlled, minimally invasive percutaneous monopolar radiofrequency device to improve dermal laxity and achieve lift.

Methods: A total of 72 subjects (35-65 years old) with mild to moderate skin laxity in the submental area were included in this single-center prospective study.

A Step in the Right Direction: A Prospective Randomized, Controlled Crossover Trial of Autologous Fat Grafting for Rejuvenation of the Heel.

Background: The shock-absorbing soft tissues of the heel are composed of dermis and specialized fat pads. Heel fat pad atrophy is common and can be painful and debilitating. In our previous work, autologous fat grafting was effective for treating pain from forefoot fat pad atrophy.

Long-gap peripheral nerve repair through sustained release of a neurotrophic factor in nonhuman primates.

Severe injuries to peripheral nerves are challenging to repair. Standard-of-care treatment for nerve gaps >2 to 3 centimeters is autografting; however, autografting can result in neuroma formation, loss of sensory function at the donor site, and increased operative time. To address the need for a synthetic nerve conduit to treat large nerve gaps, we investigated a biodegradable poly(caprolactone) (PCL) conduit with embedded double-walled polymeric microspheres encapsulating glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) capable of providing a sustained release of GDNF for >50 days in a 5-centimeter nerve defect in a rhesus macaque model.

High-valence CuCu species in action: demonstration of aliphatic C-H bond activation at room temperature.

The electrochemically generated CuIICuIII mixed-valence species promotes activation of strong aliphatic C-H bonds (i.e. toluene) at room temperature.

Changing the Paradigm of Craniofacial Reconstruction: A Prospective Clinical Trial of Autologous Fat Transfer for Craniofacial Deformities.

Objective: This study aimed to prospectively assess outcomes for surgical autologous fat transfer (AFT) applied for traumatic and postsurgical craniofacial deformities. The minimally invasive nature of AFT has potential for reduced risk and superior outcomes compared with current reconstructive options.

Background: Craniofacial deformities have functional and psychosocial sequelae and can profoundly affect quality of life.

The Architecture of Fat Grafting II: Impact of Cannula Diameter.

Background: Fat grafting has emerged as the treatment of choice for soft-tissue augmentation and reconstruction. Variability of volume retention remains the greatest challenge for this technique, often requiring multiple operations to achieve the desired volume. Graft that is placed greater than 2 mm from the recipient bed will undergo necrosis.

Effect of Monoelectronic Oxidation of an Unsymmetrical Phenoxido-Hydroxido Bridged Dicopper(II) Complex.

A (μ-hydroxido, μ-phenoxido)CuCu complex 1 has been synthesized using an unsymmetrical ligand bearing an N, N-bis(2-pyridyl)methylamine (BPA) moiety coordinating one copper and a dianionic bis-amide moiety coordinating the other copper(II) ion. Electrochemical mono-oxidation of the complex in DMF occurs reversibly at 213 K at E = 0.12 V vs Fc/Fc through a metal-centered process.

The Constriction Arm Band Deformity in Brachioplasty Patients: Characterization and Incidence Using a Prospective Registry.

Background: Demand for brachioplasty in the United States has seen a dramatic increase, from 338 procedures in 2000 to 17,860 in 2016. In this article, the authors present their series of arm band deformities not yet described in the literature.

Methods: This is a retrospective review of massive weight loss patients undergoing brachioplasty at their institution from 2000 to 2016.

Characteristics and Immunomodulating Functions of Adipose-Derived and Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Across Defined Human Leukocyte Antigen Barriers.

Background: Vascularized composite allotransplantation opens new possibilities in reconstructive transplantation such as hand or face transplants. Lifelong immunosuppression and its side-effects are the main drawbacks of this procedure. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have clinically useful immunomodulatory effects and may be able to reduce the burden of chronic immunosuppression.

Adipose stem cells enhance excisional wound healing in a porcine model.

Background: Adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) are capable of secreting regenerative growth factors and replacing multiple tissue types. Although current literature suggests that ASCs accelerate wound healing and reduce scarring, the dose-response relationship has not been adequately investigated in large animals. We sought to establish a porcine model to optimize dose and delivery.

Delivery of adipose-derived stem cells in poloxamer hydrogel improves peripheral nerve regeneration.

Introduction: Peripheral nerve damage is associated with high long-term morbidity. Because of beneficial secretome, immunomodulatory effects, and ease of clinical translation, transplantation with adipose-derived stem cells (ASC) represents a promising therapeutic modality.

Methods: Effect of ASC delivery in poloxamer hydrogel was assessed in a rat sciatic nerve model of critical-sized (1.

Characterizing Breast Deformities After Massive Weight Loss: Utilizing the Pittsburgh Rating Scale to Examine Factors Affecting Severity Score and Surgical Decision Making in a Retrospective Series.

Background And Objectives: Massive weight loss (MWL) can result in variable contour deformities of the breasts. The Pittsburgh Rating Scale (PRS) was designed to describe the multitude of deformities after MWL and recommends operations to consider for surgical improvement. We present the first comprehensive description of breast deformities in a large sample of MWL patients, examine factors affecting the severity of deformities, and report the correlation between PRS score and surgical decision making.

Room-Temperature Characterization of a Mixed-Valent μ-Hydroxodicopper(II,III) Complex.

Bis(μ-hydroxo)dicopper(II,II) bearing a naphthyridine-based ligand has been synthesized and characterized in the solid state and solution. Cyclic voltammetry at room temperature displays a reversible redox system that corresponds to the monoelectronic oxidation of the complex. Spectroscopic and time-resolved spectroelectrochemical data coupled to theoretical results support the formation of a charge-localized mixed-valent Cu(II,III)2 species.

Fat, Stem Cells, and Platelet-Rich Plasma.

The ideal filler for aesthetic surgery is inexpensive and easy to obtain, natural in appearance and texture, immunologically compatible, and long lasting without risk of infection. By most metrics, autologous fat grafts meet these criteria perfectly. Although facial fat grafting is now a commonly accepted surgical procedure, there has been a wave of activity applying stem cells and platelet-rich plasma (PRP) therapies to aesthetic practice.