A whole food, plant-based diet reduces amino acid levels in patients with metastatic breast cancer.

Background: Amino acids are critical to tumor survival. Tumors can acquire amino acids from the surrounding microenvironment, including the serum. Limiting dietary amino acids is suggested to influence their serum levels.

Anisotropic Ferroelectricity in Polar Vortices.

The exotic polarization configurations of topologically protected dipolar textures have opened new avenues for realizing novel phenomena absent in traditional ferroelectric systems. While multiple recent studies have revealed a diverse array of emergent properties in such polar topologies, the details of their atomic and mesoscale structures remain incomplete. Through atomic- and meso-scale imaging techniques, the emergence of a macroscopic ferroelectric polarization along both principal axes of the vortex lattice while performing phase-field modeling to probe the atomic scale origins of these distinct polarization components is demonstrated.

A whole food, plant-based diet reduces amino acid levels in patients with metastatic breast cancer.

Background: Amino acids are critical to tumor survival. Tumors can acquire amino acids from the surrounding microenvironment, including the serum. Limiting dietary amino acids is suggested to influence their serum levels.

Catabolism of extracellular glutathione supplies amino acids to support tumor growth.

Restricting amino acids from tumors is an emerging therapeutic strategy with significant promise. While typically considered an intracellular antioxidant with tumor-promoting capabilities, glutathione (GSH) is a tripeptide of cysteine, glutamate, and glycine that can be catabolized, yielding amino acids. The extent to which GSH-derived amino acids are essential to cancers is unclear.

Designed Spin-Texture-Lattice to Control Anisotropic Magnon Transport in Antiferromagnets.

Spin waves in magnetic materials are promising information carriers for future computing technologies due to their ultra-low energy dissipation and long coherence length. Antiferromagnets are strong candidate materials due, in part, to their stability to external fields and larger group velocities. Multiferroic antiferromagnets, such as BiFeO (BFO), have an additional degree of freedom stemming from magnetoelectric coupling, allowing for control of the magnetic structure, and thus spin waves, with the electric field.

Non-volatile magnon transport in a single domain multiferroic.

Antiferromagnets have attracted significant attention in the field of magnonics, as promising candidates for ultralow-energy carriers for information transfer for future computing. The role of crystalline orientation distribution on magnon transport has received very little attention. In multiferroics such as BiFeO the coupling between antiferromagnetic and polar order imposes yet another boundary condition on spin transport.

A Th17 cell-intrinsic glutathione/mitochondrial-IL-22 axis protects against intestinal inflammation.

The intestinal tract generates significant reactive oxygen species (ROS), but the role of T cell antioxidant mechanisms in maintaining intestinal homeostasis is poorly understood. We used T cell-specific ablation of the catalytic subunit of glutamate cysteine ligase (Gclc), which impaired glutathione (GSH) production, crucially reducing IL-22 production by Th17 cells in the lamina propria, which is critical for gut protection. Under steady-state conditions, Gclc deficiency did not alter cytokine secretion; however, C.

Nucleotide depletion promotes cell fate transitions by inducing DNA replication stress.

Control of cellular identity requires coordination of developmental programs with environmental factors such as nutrient availability, suggesting that perturbing metabolism can alter cell state. Here, we find that nucleotide depletion and DNA replication stress drive differentiation in human and murine normal and transformed hematopoietic systems, including patient-derived acute myeloid leukemia (AML) xenografts. These cell state transitions begin during S phase and are independent of ATR/ATM checkpoint signaling, double-stranded DNA break formation, and changes in cell cycle length.

Drug screening in human physiologic medium identifies uric acid as an inhibitor of rigosertib efficacy.

The nonphysiological nutrient levels found in traditional culture media have been shown to affect numerous aspects of cancer cell physiology, including how cells respond to certain therapeutic agents. Here, we comprehensively evaluated how physiological nutrient levels affect therapeutic response by performing drug screening in human plasma-like medium. We observed dramatic nutrient-dependent changes in sensitivity to a variety of FDA-approved and clinically trialed compounds, including rigosertib, an experimental cancer therapeutic that recently failed in phase III clinical trials.

Heterogeneous integration of spin-photon interfaces with a CMOS platform.

Colour centres in diamond have emerged as a leading solid-state platform for advancing quantum technologies, satisfying the DiVincenzo criteria and recently achieving quantum advantage in secret key distribution. Blueprint studies indicate that general-purpose quantum computing using local quantum communication networks will require millions of physical qubits to encode thousands of logical qubits, presenting an open scalability challenge. Here we introduce a modular quantum system-on-chip (QSoC) architecture that integrates thousands of individually addressable tin-vacancy spin qubits in two-dimensional arrays of quantum microchiplets into an application-specific integrated circuit designed for cryogenic control.

Clamping enables enhanced electromechanical responses in antiferroelectric thin films.

Thin-film materials with large electromechanical responses are fundamental enablers of next-generation micro-/nano-electromechanical applications. Conventional electromechanical materials (for example, ferroelectrics and relaxors), however, exhibit severely degraded responses when scaled down to submicrometre-thick films due to substrate constraints (clamping). This limitation is overcome, and substantial electromechanical responses in antiferroelectric thin films are achieved through an unconventional coupling of the field-induced antiferroelectric-to-ferroelectric phase transition and the substrate constraints.

Manipulating chiral spin transport with ferroelectric polarization.

A magnon is a collective excitation of the spin structure in a magnetic insulator and can transmit spin angular momentum with negligible dissipation. This quantum of a spin wave has always been manipulated through magnetic dipoles (that is, by breaking time-reversal symmetry). Here we report the experimental observation of chiral spin transport in multiferroic BiFeO and its control by reversing the ferroelectric polarization (that is, by breaking spatial inversion symmetry).

Secondary Repair of Jersey Finger: A Novel Method of Tendon Length Estimation via Measurement of Adjacent Landmarks.

Jersey finger describes the rupture of the flexor digitorum profundus (FDP) tendon at its insertion into the distal phalanx. In the absence of an evidence-based approach to tensioning during secondary repair, we aimed to devise a novel method to determine the required tendon length pre/intraoperatively. We measured anatomical landmarks, associated with the FDP tendon, on dissected cadavers, to assess whether these can be used to estimate tendon segment lengths.

Low-temperature grapho-epitaxial La-substituted BiFeO on metallic perovskite.

Bismuth ferrite has garnered considerable attention as a promising candidate for magnetoelectric spin-orbit coupled logic-in-memory. As model systems, epitaxial BiFeO thin films have typically been deposited at relatively high temperatures (650-800 °C), higher than allowed for direct integration with silicon-CMOS platforms. Here, we circumvent this problem by growing lanthanum-substituted BiFeO at 450 °C (which is reasonably compatible with silicon-CMOS integration) on epitaxial BaPbBiO electrodes.

Cytomegalovirus-induced inactivation of TSC2 disrupts the coupling of fatty acid biosynthesis to glucose availability resulting in a vulnerability to glucose starvation.

Viruses modulate host cell metabolism to support the mass production of viral progeny. For human cytomegalovirus, we find that the viral U38 protein is critical for driving these pro-viral metabolic changes. However, our results indicate that these changes come at a cost, as U38 induces an anabolic rigidity that leads to a metabolic vulnerability.

Regulation of antioxidants in cancer.

Scientists in this field often joke, "If you don't have a mechanism, say it's ROS." Seemingly connected to every biological process ever described, reactive oxygen species (ROS) have numerous pleiotropic roles in physiology and disease. In some contexts, ROS act as secondary messengers, controlling a variety of signaling cascades.

Lysosomal cystine: an unexpected alarm bell for cysteine scarcity.

Cells respond to amino acid depletion by activating stress responses. A recent study by Swanda et al. reveals that a decrease in lysosomal cystine triggers a novel stress response that transcriptionally activates ATF4 and protects cells from ferroptosis.

Metabolic modulation of mitochondrial mass during CD4 T cell activation.

Mitochondrial biogenesis initiates within hours of T cell receptor (TCR) engagement and is critical for T cell activation, function, and survival; yet, how metabolic programs support mitochondrial biogenesis during TCR signaling is not fully understood. Here, we performed a multiplexed metabolic chemical screen in CD4 T lymphocytes to identify modulators of metabolism that impact mitochondrial mass during early T cell activation. Treatment of T cells with pyrvinium pamoate early during their activation blocks an increase in mitochondrial mass and results in reduced proliferation, skewed CD4 T cell differentiation, and reduced cytokine production.

Drug screening in human physiologic medium identifies uric acid as an inhibitor of rigosertib efficacy.

The non-physiological nutrient levels found in traditional culture media have been shown to affect numerous aspects of cancer cell physiology, including how cells respond to certain therapeutic agents. Here, we comprehensively evaluated how physiological nutrient levels impact therapeutic response by performing drug screening in human plasma-like medium (HPLM). We observed dramatic nutrient-dependent changes in sensitivity to a variety of FDA-approved and clinically trialed compounds, including rigosertib, an experimental cancer therapeutic that has recently failed in phase 3 clinical trials.

A Th17 cell-intrinsic glutathione/mitochondrial-IL-22 axis protects against intestinal inflammation.

Although the intestinal tract is a major site of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, the mechanisms by which antioxidant defense in gut T cells contribute to intestinal homeostasis are currently unknown. Here we show, using T cell-specific ablation of the catalytic subunit of glutamate cysteine ligase (), that the ensuing loss of glutathione (GSH) impairs the production of gut-protective IL-22 by Th17 cells within the lamina propria. Although ablation does not affect T cell cytokine secretion in the gut of mice at steady-state, infection with increases ROS, inhibits mitochondrial gene expression and mitochondrial function in -deficient Th17 cells.

Cytomegalovirus-induced inactivation of TSC2 disrupts the coupling of fatty acid biosynthesis to glucose availability resulting in a vulnerability to glucose limitation.

Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) modulates cellular metabolism to support productive infection, and the HCMV U38 protein drives many aspects of this HCMV-induced metabolic program. However, it remains to be determined whether virally-induced metabolic alterations might induce novel therapeutic vulnerabilities in virally infected cells. Here, we explore how HCMV infection and the U38 protein modulate cellular metabolism and how these changes alter the response to nutrient limitation.

Photonic Indistinguishability of the Tin-Vacancy Center in Nanostructured Diamond.

Tin-vacancy centers in diamond are promising spin-photon interfaces owing to their high quantum efficiency, large Debye-Waller factor, and compatibility with photonic nanostructuring. Benchmarking their single-photon indistinguishability is a key challenge for future applications. Here, we report the generation of single photons with 99.