The association between female sex and depression following traumatic brain injury: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

While women tend to experience more severe psychiatric and neurobehavioral symptoms following traumatic brain injury (TBI), the connection between sex and post-TBI depression remains poorly understood. To explore the potential association between sex and post-TBI depression, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis, including studies with participants who had no prior diagnosis of depression. Thirteen studies met the criteria for inclusion, collectively investigating a cohort of 449,471 individuals with TBI.

Continuous Adductor Canal Block Compared to Epidural Anesthesia for Total Knee Arthroplasty.

Aim: To compare the efficacy of a postoperative continuous adductor canal block (cACB) with and without a steroid adjuvant to that of epidural analgesia (EA).

Methods: Patients who underwent primary total TKA at a single institution between July 2011-November 2017 were included for retrospective analysis. TKA patients were stratified into one of the three analgesia approaches: EA, cACB without steroid adjuvant, and cACB with steroid adjuvant.

Cognitive function mediates the relationship between age and anaesthesia-induced oscillatory-specific alpha power.

Cognitive decline is common among older individuals, and although the underlying brain mechanisms are not entirely understood, researchers have suggested using EEG frontal alpha activity during general anaesthesia as a potential biomarker for cognitive decline. This is because frontal alpha activity associated with GABAergic general anaesthetics has been linked to cognitive function. However, oscillatory-specific alpha power has also been linked with chronological age.

Exploring the Pathophysiology of Delirium: An Overview of Biomarker Studies, Animal Models, and Tissue-Engineered Models.

Delirium is an acute brain disorder associated with disorganized thinking, difficulty focusing, and confusion that commonly follows major surgery, severe infection, and illness. Older patients are at high risk for developing delirium during hospitalization, which may contribute to increased morbidity, longer hospitalization, and increased risk of institutionalization following discharge. The pathophysiology underlying delirium remains poorly studied.

Association Between Intravenous to Oral Opioid Transition Time and Length of Hospital Stay After Posterior Spinal Fusion for Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis.

Background: Transitioning from intravenous (IV) to oral opioids after posterior spinal fusion (PSF) for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is necessary during the postoperative course. However, few studies have assessed the effects of longer transition times on hospital length of stay (LOS). This study investigated the impact of longer IV to oral opioid transition times on LOS after PSF for AIS.

Large Hyphema following Femtosecond Laser-assisted Cataract Surgery (FLACS) and Trabectome Resulting in Endocapsular Hematoma.

Aim: To report a large hyphema following femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery (FLACS) and trabectome resulting in endocapsular hematoma.

Background: Hyphema has previously been described following trabectome, however, no cases have been reported following FLACS or FLACS combined with microinvasive glaucoma surgery (MIGS). We report a case of a large hyphema following FLACS combined with MIGS that resulted in an endocapsular hematoma.

Second Primary Malignancies of the Bones and Joints: More Common than Expected in Osteosarcoma Patients.

Background: Osteosarcoma is the most common primary bone tumor in children, adolescents, and young adults. Second primary malignancies (SPMs) are a potential serious long-term event that can occur in osteosarcoma survivors.

Methods: The National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results 18 database was queried for all osteosarcoma cases from 2000 through 2015.

Guidelines for the management of hyperlipidemia: How can clinicians effectively implement them?

Guidelines support lowering cholesterol to decrease atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk across the entire lifespan with intensive lifestyle intervention, as well as statin and non-statin pharmacotherapy for those at highest risk. Modest improvements in the initiation, use, and adherence to statin therapy in patients with ASCVD have occurred over the past decades. However, studies continue to document a less than desired implementation of guidelines highlighting a substantial and persistent treatment gap.

Association of inpatient opioid consumption on postoperative outcomes after open posterior spinal fusion for adult spine deformity.

Introduction: Opioids are the most commonly used analgesic in the postoperative setting. However, few studies have analyzed the impact of high inpatient opioid use on outcomes following surgery, with no current studies assessing its effect on patients undergoing spinal fusion for an adult spinal deformity (ASD). Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate risk factors for high inpatient opioid use, as well as to determine the impact of high opioid use on outcomes such as adverse events (AEs), hospital length of stay (LOS), cost of hospital admission, discharge disposition, and readmission rates in patients undergoing spinal fusion for ASD.

Emergency Department Presentations of Acute Primary Angle Closure in the United States from 2008 to 2017.

Purpose: Acute primary angle closure (APAC) is an ophthalmologic emergency. Nationwide data on the epidemiology and clinical characteristics of APAC are lacking despite the associated visual morbidity.

Patients And Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study using the Nationwide Emergency Department Sample (NEDS).

Jump in Elective Total Hip and Knee Arthroplasty Numbers at Age 65 Years: Evidence for Moral Hazard?

Introduction: Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) and total hip arthroplasty (THA) are outstanding options for many older patients at the discretion of the patient and the surgeon. As patients turn 65 years, greater than 98% of the US population becomes eligible for Medicare, and this represents a time of changing healthcare coverage for many.

Methods: Patients undergoing elective TKA and THA were abstracted from the 2012 to 2018 National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database.

Geographic variations in health care resource utilization following elective ACDF for cervical spondylotic myelopathy: A national trend analysis.

Background: As health care expenditures continue to increase, standardizing health care delivery across geographic regions has been identified as a method to reduce costs. However, few studies have demonstrated how the practice of elective spine surgery varies by geographic location. The aim of this study was to assess the geographic variations in management, complications, and total cost of elective anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) for cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM).

Racial Disparities in Health Care Resource Utilization After Pediatric Cervical and/or Thoracic Spinal Injuries.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the impact of race on hospital length of stay (LOS) and hospital complications among pediatric patients with cervical/thoracic injury.

Methods: A retrospective cohort was performed using the 2017 admission year from 753 facilities utilizing the National Trauma Data Bank. All pediatric patients with cervical/thoracic spine injuries were identified using the ICD-10-CM diagnosis coding system.

Patient- and hospital-related risk factors for non-routine discharge after lumbar decompression and fusion for spondylolisthesis.

Objective: In various spinal surgeries, non-routine discharges have been associated with inferior outcomes. However, there exists a paucity of data regarding the relationship between non-routine discharge and quality of care among patients with spondylolisthesis. The aim of this study was to identify independent predictors for non-routine discharge following spinal decompression and fusion for lumbar spondylolisthesis.

Ramifications of Postoperative Dysphagia on Health Care Resource Utilization Following Elective Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Interbody Fusion for Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy.

Study Design: This is a retrospective cohort study.

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate patient risk factors and health care resource utilization associated with postoperative dysphagia following elective anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) for cervical spondylotic myelopathy.

Summary Of Background Data: There is a paucity of data on factors predisposing patients to dysphagia and the burden this complication has on health care resource utilization following ACDF.

Impact of Racial Disparities on All-Cause Mortality in Patients With Tumors of the Spinal Cord or Spinal Meninges: A Propensity-Score Analysis.

Study Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Objective: The influence that race has on mortality rates in patients with spinal cord tumors is relatively unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of race on the outcomes of patients with primary malignant or nonmalignant tumors of the spinal cord or spinal meninges.

Impact of Frailty on Morbidity and Mortality in Adult Patients Presenting with an Acute Traumatic Cervical Spinal Cord Injury.

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine if baseline frailty was an independent predictor of adverse events (AEs) and in-hospital mortality in patients being treated for acute cervical spinal cord injury (SCI).

Methods: A retrospective cohort study was performed using the National Trauma Database (NTDB) from 2017. Adult patients (>18 years old) with acute cervical SCI were identified using the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision, Clinical Modification diagnostic and procedural coding systems.

Tinnitus as a presenting symptom of neurosarcoidosis with ocular involvement.

A 48-year-old woman with untreated hypothyroidism initially presented with tinnitus and hearing loss, followed by blurred vision and eye pain months later. Ophthalmic evaluation revealed no optic disc oedema. Visual field defects in both eyes suggested retrobulbar optic neuropathy.

Modified-frailty index does not independently predict complications, hospital length of stay or 30-day readmission rates following posterior lumbar decompression and fusion for spondylolisthesis.

Background Context: Frailty has been associated with inferior surgical outcomes in various fields of spinal surgery. With increasing healthcare costs, hospital length of stay (LOS) and unplanned readmissions have emerged as clinical proxies reflecting overall value of care. However, there is a paucity of data assessing the impact that baseline frailty has on quality of care in patients with spondylolisthesis.

Impact of race on outcomes and healthcare utilization following spinal fusion for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis.

Objectives: Racial disparities in spine surgery have been shown to impact surgical management and postoperative complications. However, for adolescent patients with idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) treated by posterior spinal fusion (PSF), the influence of race on postoperative outcomes remains unclear. The aim of the study was to investigate the differences in baseline patient demographics, inpatient management, and postoperative complications for adolescents with AIS undergoing elective, posterior spinal surgery (≥ 4 levels).

Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services' 2018 Removal of Total Knee Arthroplasty From the Inpatient-only List Led to Broad Changes in Hospital Length of Stays.

Introduction: Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) removed total knee arthroplasty (TKA) from the "inpatient-only" list from January 1, 2018. The impact of this change on actual hospital length of stay (LOS) and patient coding is of interest.

Methods: Patients undergoing TKA were abstracted from the 2015 to 2018 National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database.

Race Is an Independent Predictor for Nonroutine Discharges After Spine Surgery for Spinal Intradural/Cord Tumors.

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine if race was an independent predictor of extended length of stay (LOS), nonroutine discharge, and increased health care costs after surgery for spinal intradural/cord tumors.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study was performed using the National Inpatient Sample database from 2016 to 2017. All adult (>18 years old) inpatients who underwent surgical intervention for a benign or malignant spinal intradural/cord tumor were identified using International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision, Clinical Modification diagnosis and procedural coding systems.