Utility of colposcopy for the screening and management of cervical cancer in Africa: a cross-sectional analysis of providers' training and practices.

Introduction: Cervical cancer is a public health issue in Africa with devastating socioeconomic consequences due to the lack of organized screening programs. The success of screening programs depends on the appropriate investigation and management of women who test positive for screening. Colposcopic assessment following positive screening results is a noteworthy issue in Africa.

Improving childhood cancer medicines access in developing countries: Towards an implementation framework to inform the Global Platform for Access to Childhood Cancer Medicines for Nigeria.

Children and adolescents in developing countries continue to be disproportionately affected by cancer and have significantly lower survival rates (30%) than their counterparts in high-income countries (80%). This disparity is driven by poor access to childhood cancer medicines. The World Health Organization and St.

Cancer control collaborations between China and African countries.

Over the past decade, China has emerged as Africa's largest trade partner and source of foreign direct investment, with public health ranked as a top priority in China-Africa collaborations. During the same period, cancer has emerged as a leading cause of death in Africa, with more than 700 000 deaths per year and projections of more than 1 million deaths per year by 2030. In this Review, we explore the effects of increasing China-Africa collaborations on cancer control in Africa.

HPV vaccination in Africa in the COVID-19 era: a cross-sectional survey of healthcare providers' knowledge, training, and recommendation practices.

Introduction: Although the burden of cervical cancer in Africa is highest, HPV vaccination coverage remains alarmingly low in this region. Providers' knowledge and recommendation are key drivers of HPV vaccination uptake. Yet, evidence about providers' knowledge and recommendation practices about the HPV vaccine against a backdrop of emerging vaccine hesitancy fueled by the COVID-19 pandemic is lacking in Africa.

Performance of HIV rapid testing algorithm in Nigeria: Findings from a household-based Nigeria HIV/AIDS Indicator and Impact Survey (NAIIS).

Background: The Nigeria AIDS Indicator and Impact Survey (NAIIS), a cross-sectional household survey, was conducted in 2018 with primary objectives to estimate HIV prevalence, HIV-1 incidence, and status of UNAIDS 90-90-90 cascade. We conducted retrospective analysis of the performance of HIV rapid tests and the national HIV testing algorithm used in Nigeria.

Methods: The national algorithm included Determine HIV-1/2 as test 1 (T1), Unigold HIV-1/2 as test 2 (T2), and StatPak HIV-1/2 as the tie-breaker test (T3).

Achieving the cancer moonshot in Africa.

For decades now, the United States (US) has been a leading contributor in global health with the government, academic institutions, foundations, non-profits and industry investing and partnering with African countries, as seen with the US President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) program. Now as more people survive HIV/AIDs and other infectious diseases in Africa and live longer, non-communicable diseases like cancer are on the rise, in what can be described as a growing health iceberg, hidden under epidemics of infectious diseases. There is now more urgent need for international collaborations on cancer, which has become a leading cause of death in both Africa and the US, underpinned by poignant disparities in access to care.

Cancer control funding in Nigeria: A case for universal health coverage.

Nigeria's health spending per capita remains relatively low, with an out-of-pocket expenditure on health estimated at three-quarters of the nation's health expenditure in 2018. A large percentage of the population cannot afford-and have limited access to-cancer treatment services. Our study was aimed at analyzing all cancer funding-related policies from 2010 to 2020.

Cancer in sub-Saharan Africa: a Lancet Oncology Commission.

In sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), urgent action is needed to curb a growing crisis in cancer incidence and mortality. Without rapid interventions, data estimates show a major increase in cancer mortality from 520 348 in 2020 to about 1 million deaths per year by 2030. Here, we detail the state of cancer in SSA, recommend key actions on the basis of analysis, and highlight case studies and successful models that can be emulated, adapted, or improved across the region to reduce the growing cancer crises.

Oral, genital and anal human papillomavirus infections among female sex workers in Ibadan, Nigeria.

Background: There are limited data on the epidemiology of HPV in different anatomical sites of female sex workers (FSW). We investigated the prevalence and concordance of cervical, vulval, oral and anal HPV among FSW in Ibadan, Nigeria.

Methods: FSWs aged 18-45 years were enrolled in a cross-sectional survey.

Human papillomavirus-based cervical precancer screening with visual inspection with acetic acid triage to achieve same-day treatments among women living with human immunodeficiency virus infection: test-of-concept study in Ibadan, Nigeria.

Introduction: cervical precancer screening with same day treatment facilitates maximization of benefits of secondary prevention of cervical cancer. This is particularly important for women living with human immunodeficiency virus (WLHIV) infection because of their exceptional risk for cervical cancer. The availability of HIV programmes in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) provide unique opportunity for possible introduction "human papillomavirus (HPV) screening followed by visual inspection after application of acetic acid (VIA) with same day treatment of eligible patients".

Prevalence and genotype specific concordance of oro-genital and anal human papillomavirus infections among sexually active Nigerian women.

Background: Human papillomavirus (HPV) associated cancers are increasingly reported globally, including in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). However, with the exception of cervical HPV infection, data from SSA on the epidemiology of oral and genital HPV infections are limited. This study assessed the prevalence and concordance of oro-genital and anal HPV genotype specific infections among women in the general population.

Lessons From Rapid Field Implementation of an HIV Population-Based Survey in Nigeria, 2018.

Background: The need for accurate HIV annual program planning data motivated the compressed timeline for the 2018 Nigerian HIV/AIDS Indicator and Impact Survey (NAIIS). The survey team used stakeholder cooperation and responsive design, using survey process and paradata to refine survey implementation, to quickly collect high-quality data. We describe processes that led to generation of data for program and funding decisions, ensuring HIV services were funded in 2019.

Toward Optimization of Cancer Care in Sub-Saharan Africa: Development of National Comprehensive Cancer Network Harmonized Guidelines for Sub-Saharan Africa.

Purpose: Standard treatment guidelines improve patient outcomes, including disease-specific survival, in cancer care. The African Cancer Coalition was formed in 2016 to harmonize cancer treatment guidelines for sub-Saharan Africa.

Methods: The African Cancer Coalition collaborated with the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) and the American Cancer Society to harmonize 46 cancer treatment guidelines for use in sub-Saharan Africa.

HIV and development of epithelial cell abnormalities in women with prior normal cervical cytology in Nigeria.

Background: HIV-associated cellular immune dysfunction has been linked to higher risk of cervical dysplasia and cancer in HIV infected women. We sought to understand the relationship between HIV and development of epithelial cell abnormalities (ECA) at follow-up in women with prior normal cervical cytology (NCC).

Methods: Retrospective cohort analysis of women who received a Pap test at the Operation Stop Cervical Cancer Unit in Jos, Nigeria over a 10-year period (2006-2016).

Modeling for Predictors of Knowledge Score on Etiology and Prevention Strategies for Cervical Cancer Among Women of Reproductive Age in Ibadan.

Purpose: Poor knowledge regarding cervical cancer in at-risk populations directly affects health-seeking behavior and is associated with high mortality among women with cervical cancer. This study aims to evaluate the knowledge of women regarding the causes, risk factors, and prevention strategies of cervical cancer.

Methods: A multistage cross-sectional study of 1,002 women of reproductive age (18-49 years) in Ibadan was conducted.

Current prevalence pattern of tobacco smoking in Nigeria: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: National smoking cessation strategies in Nigeria are hindered by lack of up-to-date epidemiologic data. We aimed to estimate prevalence of tobacco smoking in Nigeria to guide relevant interventions.

Methods: We conducted systematic search of publicly available evidence from 1990 through 2018.

HIV status, age at cervical Cancer screening and cervical cytology outcomes in an opportunistic screening setting in Nigeria: a 10-year Cross sectional data analysis.

Background: Invasive cervical cancer (ICC) is more prevalent in HIV infected women and occurs at younger median age than in HIV negative women. Organized cervical cancer screening (CCS) is presently lacking in Nigeria, and the age at CCS is not known in this population. We sought to examine the age at CCS, the cytology outcomes and whether outcomes differ by HIV infection status in an opportunistic screening setting.

Epidemiology of harmful use of alcohol in Nigeria: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

: Nigeria, the most populous country in Africa, has reported relatively high levels of alcohol misuse, yet limited resources to guide effective population-wide response. There is a need to integrate existing empirical information in order to increase the power and precision of estimating epidemiological evidence necessary for informing policies and developing prevention programs. : We aimed to estimate nationwide and zonal prevalence of harmful use of alcohol in Nigeria to inform public health policy and planning.

Estimating morbidity due to stroke in Nigeria: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: The response to stroke in Nigeria is impaired by inadequate epidemiologic information. We sought to collate available evidence and estimate the incidence of stroke and prevalence of stroke survivors in Nigeria.

Methods: Using random effects meta-analysis, we pooled nationwide and regional incidence and prevalence of stroke from the estimates reported in each study.

Association between patient-reported HIV status and provider recommendation for screening in an opportunistic cervical Cancer screening setting in Jos, Nigeria.

Background: Cervical cancer screening (CCS) is an important health service intervention for prevention of morbidity and mortality from invasive cervical cancer. The role of provider recommendation and referral is critical in utilization of this services particularly in settings where screening is largely opportunistic. We sought to understand how patient-reported human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection status is associated with provider referral in an opportunistic screening setting.