Assessment of the frequency and risk factors of gastrointestinal bleeding after cardiopulmonary bypass in paediatric cases.

Introduction And Aim: Gastrointestinal bleeding is a potential complication in paediatric patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass, as it develops secondary to low gastrointestinal perfusion. This study aimed to examine the incidence of gastrointestinal bleeding and identify its risk factors in these patients.

Method: This retrospective study was undertaken to examine the demographic features, clinical findings, and operative data of paediatric patients under years old who had undergone congenital heart surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass between November 1, 2021, and November 1, 2023.

Impact of high-flow nasal oxygen therapy on postoperative atelectasis and reintubation rate after paediatric cardiac surgery.

Introduction: Airway problems emerging after congenital cardiac surgery operations may have an impact on mortality and morbidity. Recently, to improve alveolar gas exchange and reduce respiratory effort, high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) has started to be used in paediatric cases. This study aimed to evaluate the potential effects of high-flow nasal oxygen therapy on postoperative atelectasis development and reintubation rate in paediatric cardiac surgery patients.

Clinical and Immunologic Features of a Patient With Homozygous FNIP1 Variant.

Agammaglobulinemia represents the most profound primary antibody deficiency, stemming from early cessation of B-cell development. Deficiency in folliculin-interacting protein 1 (FNIP1) is a novel inborn error of immunity characterized by a severe defect in B-cell development, agammaglobulinemia, variable neutropenia, and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. FNIP1 plays a critical role in B-cell development and metabolic homeostasis, establishing a metabolic checkpoint that ensures pre-B cells possess sufficient metabolic capacity to undergo division while concurrently limiting lymphogenesis due to abnormal growth.

Results of a hybrid approach for high risk term newborn patients with interrupted aortic arch (IAA) with left ventricular outflow tract obstruction.

This study aims to share the results of critically ill newborn cases with interrupted aortic arch (IAA) and Left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) obstruction (LVOTO) who underwent the hybrid approach, which consists of bilateral pulmonary artery banding and/or patent ductus arteriosus stenting, as first-line treatment. This retrospective study includes the results of high-risk term newborns whom we applied a hybrid approach due to IAA and LVOTO in our clinic between January 1, 2021 and December 31, 2021. The demographic characteristics, hybrid approach methods and results of the cases were evaluated.

A rare ventriculoarterial connection: double outlet of both ventricles.

Ventriculoarterial connection is one of the important points of the segmental approach to congenital cardiac malformations. Double outlet of both ventricles is a rare form where both great arterial roots override the interventricular septum. In this article, we aimed to draw attention to this very rare form of ventriculoarterial connection by presenting an infant case diagnosed using echocardiography, CT angiography, and 3-dimensional modelling.

Emergency treatment of thrombus in right coronary artery and aortic root in a newborn with acute myocardial infarction.

Perinatal myocardial infarction caused by aortic root and coronary artery thrombosis in neonatal period is extremely rare and has a gloomy prognosis that may cause devastating complications. A 3-h newborn baby who had acute myocardial infarction findings on postnatal electrocardiography had a thrombus in the aortic root with hyperechogenic right coronary artery region, and impaired right ventricular functions on echocardiography. The patient was urgently operated and thrombus was successfully removed from the aortic root and the right coronary artery.

Sudden Cardiac Arrest While Eating a Hot Dog: A Rare Presentation of Brugada Syndrome in a Child.

Patients who are diagnosed with Brugada syndrome (BS) usually experience sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) and arrhythmia when they have a high fever, consume alcohol, and, more frequently, during their night sleep. In some rare cases, an SCA can be seen depending on a possible vagal stimulus, such as eating a large bite of food. We describe a 9-year-old patient who had a sudden cardiac attack while he was eating a large hot dog.

Radiofrequency ablation of fast ventricular tachycardia causing an ICD storm in an infant with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.

An implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) storm involves very frequent arrhythmia episodes and ICD shocks, and it is associated with poor short-term and long-term prognosis. Radiofrequency catheter ablation can be used as an effective rescue treatment for patients with an ICD storm. To our knowledge, this is the first report of an infant with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy presenting with an ICD storm and undergoing successful radiofrequency catheter ablation salvage treatment for the fast left posterior fascicular ventricular tachycardia.

The importance of the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.

Introduction: Previous studies have demonstrated the predictive value of the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in many cardiovascular disorders. The aim of this study was to assess whether NLR is associated with echocardiographic or electrocardiographic parameters, or with predicted five-year risk of sudden cardiac death (SCD), in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM).

Methods: This prospective observational study included 74 controls and 97 HCM patients.

Spontaneous Remission of Congenital Complete Atrioventricular Block in Anti-Ro/La Antibody-Negative Monozygotic Twins: Case Report.

Background: Congenital complete atrioventricular block without any structural heart disease and anti-Ro/La negativity is very rare. Discordant complete atrioventricular block, which is more frequently defined in the literature as an autoimmune mechanism, is much more rare in monozygotic twins.

Case Report: The 26-year-old healthy mother had given birth in her first spontaneous, uneventful pregnancy to monozygotic twins at week 35.

Junctional ectopic tachycardia in late period after early postoperative complete atrioventricular block: Messenger of return to normal sinus rhythm? : Explanation with four case series.

Junctional ectopic tachycardia(JET) is a rare childhood arrhythmia originating from the area adjacent to the atrioventricular(AV) node. It often occurs after surgical procedures like repair of Tetralogy of Fallot, atrioventricular septal defect and ventricular septal defect, which are all performed in that area. While AV block (AVB) can occur after JET, it is very rare for late JET occurring after early postoperative AVB to be followed by normal sinus rhythm (NSR).

Use of inhaled nitric oxide in pediatric cardiac intensive care unit.

Objective: Experience with administration of inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) in pediatric cardiac intensive care unit was retrospectively reviewed.

Methods: Data from 32 pediatric patients treated with iNO between 2011 and 2012 were collected. Patients were divided into 3 groups: Group I comprised postoperative patients, Group II comprised newborns with persistent pulmonary hypertension (PPH), and Group III comprised patients with primary pulmonary hypertension (PH) or Eisenmenger's syndrome.

Catecholaminergic Polymorphic Ventricular Tachycardia: A Rare Cause of Cardiac Arrest Following Blunt Chest Trauma.

Unlabelled: Catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (CPVT) is an electrophysiological disorder of a physically normal heart that occurs in children when the body is subjected to intense emotional or physical stress that causes adrenergic discharge. This troubling disease can be sporadic (spontaneous) or familial (genetic/inherited). Unfortunately, its associated ventricular tachycardia may cause sudden death, so early diagnosis of CPVT is very important.

Using a Cardiac Event Recorder in Children with Potentially Arrhythmia-Related Symptoms.

Background: In this study, we reported our experience with the use of cardiac event recorders in pediatric patients.

Methods: We evaluated 583 patients fitted with an event recorder (15-30 days) between March 2010 and November 2014 at our clinic. Excluded from the study were 117 patients with no recorded events and six with records contaminated by electrocardiogram artifacts.

Heart rate variability improvement in children using transcatheter atrial septal defect closure.

Objective: We evaluated autonomic behavior by examining heart rate variability (HRV) in the time domain and frequency domain in pediatric patients who underwent transcatheter closure of atrial septal defect (ASD).

Methods: A prospective study design was used. Holter ECG was performed in a control group of 30 healthy subjects and a group of 47 patients who underwent transcatheter ASD closure.

The use of flecainide in critical neonates and infants with incessant supraventricular tachycardias.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of flecainide therapy in neonates and infants with drug resistant incessant supraventricular tachycardia.

Methods: The study included 11 neonates and infants who received medical and/or ablation therapy between January 2010 and December 2013. Mean patient age and weight were 101.

Evaluation of Permanent or Transient Complete Heart Block after Open Heart Surgery for Congenital Heart Disease.

Background: The features of pediatric patients with postoperative transient and permanent complete atrioventricular (AV) block (CAVB) were compared.

Methods: Patients who developed CAVB in postoperative period after congenital cardiac surgery between 2010-2015 were included in the study. They were classified as patients with transient CAVB and with permanent CAVB.

Ductal stent implantation in tetralogy of fallot with aortic arch abnormality.

Stenting of patent ductus arteriosus is an alternative to palliative cardiac surgery in newborns with duct-dependent or decreased pulmonary circulation; however, the use of this technique in patients with an aortic arch abnormality presents a challenge. Tetralogy of Fallot is a congenital heart defect that is frequently associated with anomalies of the aortic arch and its branches. The association is even more common in patients with chromosome 22q11 deletion.

Extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation for breath-holding spells followed by cardiac arrest due to left main coronary artery stenosis.

Non-syndromic congenital supravalvular aortic stenosis (SVAS) leads to ventricular hypertrophy and increased oxygen consumption, and when combined with other factors reduces coronary blood flow, potentially resulting in myocardial ischemia and sudden cardiac death. While the anatomic obstruction of coronary circulation is as common in non-syndromic SVAS as in Williams syndrome, it often remains unacknowledged. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is an elective procedure that can be used to support patients with cardiac arrest during diagnosis as a way to reduce cardiopulmonary load in preparation for surgery or further treatment.