Assessing population-level target product profiles of universal human influenza A vaccines.

Influenza A has two hemagglutinin groups, with stronger cross-immunity to reinfection within than between groups. Here, we explore the implications of this heterogeneity for proposed cross-protective influenza vaccines that may offer broad, but not universal, protection. While the development goal for the breadth of human influenza A vaccine is to provide cross-group protection, vaccines in current development stages may provide better protection against target groups than non-target groups.

Prediction of hospital-onset COVID-19 infections using dynamic networks of patient contact: an international retrospective cohort study.

Background: Real-time prediction is key to prevention and control of infections associated with health-care settings. Contacts enable spread of many infections, yet most risk prediction frameworks fail to account for their dynamics. We developed, tested, and internationally validated a real-time machine-learning framework, incorporating dynamic patient-contact networks to predict hospital-onset COVID-19 infections (HOCIs) at the individual level.

Designing for a Healthier Makassar, Indonesia: Participatory Systems Mapping.

In Makassar, Indonesia, the USAID-funded Building Healthy Cities (BHC) project engaged 240 multi-sector stakeholders to gather qualitative data across three workshops and two citizen town halls from 2019 to 2021. These data were synthesized with results from BHC's nine other Makassar activities to build maps of the current system and identify high-impact areas for engagement. Contextual findings showed that Makassar leadership has actively innovated and used new technology to improve the city, resulting in improved connectivity and responsiveness.

A global system for the next generation of vaccines.

COVID-19 has shown that hurdles can be overcome.

Routine or targeted HIV screening of Indonesian prisoners.

Purpose: Routine HIV screening of prisoners is generally recommended, but rarely implemented in low-resource settings. Targeted screening can be used as an alternative. Both strategies may provide an opportunity to start HIV treatment but no formal comparisons have been done of these two strategies.

EFFECT OF HIV PREVENTION AND TREATMENT PROGRAM ON HIV AND HCV TRANSMISSION AND HIV MORTALITY AT AN INDONESIAN NARCOTIC PRISON.

Validated data regarding HIV-transmission in prisons in developing countries is scarce. We examined sexual and injecting drug use behavior and HIV and HCV transmission in an Indonesian narcotic prison during the implementation of an HIV prevention and treatment program during 2004-2007 when the Banceuy Narcotic Prison in Indonesia conducted an HIV transmission prevention program to provide 1) HIV education, 2) voluntary HIV testing and counseling, 3) condom supply, 4) prevention of rape and sexual violence, 5) antiretroviral treatment for HIV-positive prisoners and 6) methadone maintenance treatment. During a first survey that was conducted between 2007 and 2009, new prisoners entered Banceuy Narcotics Prison were voluntary tested for HIV and HCV-infection after written informed consent was obtained.

Effect of donor strength of extended alkyl auxiliary groups on optoelectronic and charge transport properties of novel naphtha[2,1-b:6,5-b']difuran derivatives: simple yet effective strategy.

The present study spotlights the designing of new derivatives of 2,7-bis (4-octylphenyl) naphtho [2,1-b:6,5-b'] difuran (C8-DPNDF) by substituting the alkyl groups (methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, hexyl, and heptyl groups) at para position. Density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) methods are employed to optimize the molecular structures in ground and first excited states, respectively. Several electro-optical properties including hole/electron reorganization energies (λh/λe), electron affinities (EAs), ionization potentials (IPs), molecular electrostatic potentials (MEP), and frontier molecular orbitals (FMOs) have been evaluated.