Cooling down is as important as warming up for a large-bodied tropical reptile.

An ectotherm's performance and physiological function are strongly tied to environmental temperature, and many ectotherms thermoregulate behaviourally to reach optimum body temperatures. Tropical ectotherms are already living in environments matching their thermal tolerance range and may be expected to conform to environmental temperatures. We tracked the body temperatures () of 163 estuarine crocodiles across 13 years and compared of 39 crocodiles to water temperature gathered using fish-borne sensors () across 3 years (2015-2018).

A Systematic Review of the Complications Associated with Free Fibular Flaps in Adult and Pediatric Spinal Reconstruction.

Background:  Free fibular flaps have been suggested as a modality of reconstruction for complex spinal deformities. However, there is limited data that describes associated postoperative outcomes. The purpose of this systematic review was to characterize outcomes after spinal reconstruction using the free fibular flap for both adults and children.

Active crocodiles are less sociable.

How animals move and associate with conspecifics is rarely random, with a population's spatial structure forming the foundation on which the social behaviours of individuals form. Studies examining the spatial-social interface typically measure averaged behavioural differences between individuals; however, this neglects the inherent variation present within individuals and how it may impact the spatial-social interface. Here, we investigated differences in among-individual (co)variance in sociability, activity and site fidelity in a population of wild estuarine crocodiles, across a 10-year period.

Compressive Strength of Midfoot Fusion Nail vs Midfoot Fusion Bolt and Role of Subtalar Fusion in Midfoot Charcot Fixation Model.

Background: Operative management of midfoot Charcot arthropathy often involves an extended midfoot arthrodesis with intramedullary bolts for fixation, a method called "beaming." Recently intramedullary nails have been introduced for the same indication, presumably providing stronger fixation. This study compares midfoot fusion nails to bolts with regard to stiffness and compressive ability.

Nitinol Staple Use in Primary Arthrodesis of Lisfranc Fracture-Dislocations.

Background: Primary arthrodesis of Lisfranc fracture-dislocations is a reliable treatment option, yet concerns remain about nonunion. Nitinol staple use has recently proliferated in midfoot arthrodesis. The purpose of this study is to examine the union rate of primary arthrodesis of acute Lisfranc fracture-dislocations treated with nitinol staples compared with traditional plate-and-screw fixation.

Enhancing upper tract urothelial carcinoma diagnosis: Utility of cytokeratin 17 and CK20/CD44/p53 immunohistochemical panel.

Upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) presents diagnostic challenges due to small biopsy specimen size, poor orientation, and technical obstacles that can yield equivocal diagnoses. This uncertainty often mandates repeated biopsies to evaluate the necessity of nephroureterectomy. Prior studies have suggested cytokeratin 17 (CK17) immunostain as an adjunctive tool for diagnosing bladder urothelial neoplasia in both urine cytology and tissue biopsy specimens.

Substrate Matters: Ionic Silver Alters Lettuce Growth, Nutrient Uptake, and Root Microbiome in a Hydroponics System.

Ionic silver (Ag) is being investigated as a residual biocide for use in NASA spacecraft potable water systems on future crewed missions. This water will be used to irrigate future spaceflight crop production systems. We have evaluated the impact of three concentrations (31 ppb, 125 ppb, and 500 ppb) of ionic silver biocide solutions on lettuce in an arcillite (calcinated clay particle substrate) and hydroponic (substrate-less) growth setup after 28 days.

Prospective Clinical and Computed Tomography Evaluation of Calcaneus Fractures Treated Through Sinus Tarsi Approach.

Background: The traditional lateral extensile approach to the calcaneus allows for excellent visualization but is associated with high wound complication rates. The sinus tarsi approach has been shown to produce similar radiographic outcomes with much lower rates of wound complications. The purpose of this study is to prospectively determine clinical and radiographic outcomes in calcaneus fractures treated with a sinus tarsi approach.

Total Wrist Arthroplasty: An International Perspective.

Concerns about implant durability and technical difficulty continue to make total wrist arthroplasties a specialized procedure with a narrow scope of indications. As a result, more routinely performed total or partial wrist arthrodesis continues to maintain popularity over arthroplasty. However, wrist motion preservation is undoubtedly preferable for patients and current literature is trending to more favorable outcomes for total wrist arthroplasties.

Incidence of Severe Adverse Drug Reactions to Ultrasound Enhancement Agents in a Contemporary Echocardiography Practice.

Objectives: Prior data indicate a very rare risk of serious adverse drug reaction (ADR) to ultrasound enhancement agents (UEAs). We sought to evaluate the frequency of ADR to UEA administration in contemporary practice.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 4 US health systems to characterize the frequency and severity of ADR to UEA.

Proposed Missions to Collect Samples for Analyzing Evidence of Life in the Venusian Atmosphere.

The recent and still controversial claim of phosphine detection in the venusian atmosphere has reignited consideration of whether microbial life might reside in its cloud layers. If microbial life were to exist within Venus' cloud deck, these microorganisms would have to be multi-extremophiles enclosed within the cloud aerosol particles. The most straightforward approach for resolving the question of their existence is to obtain samples of the cloud particles and analyze their interior.

The risks of radioactive wastewater release.

The wastewater release from the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear plant is expected to have negligible effects on people and the ocean.

Desmoplakin I/II immunohistochemical staining may be a helpful tool in differentiating cutaneous graft versus host disease from the erythema multiforme, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, and toxic epidermal necrolysis spectrum disorders.

Cutaneous graft versus host disease (cGVHD) has substantial clinical and histopathologic overlap with erythema multiforme (EM), Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS), and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN). This overlap can make it difficult to distinguish these disorders in patients who have received hematopoietic transplants. We sought to evaluate the utility of Dp I/II immunohistochemical stain in differentiating EM/SJS/TEN and cGVHD in a large cohort.

The Use of Nerve Caps after Nerve Transection in Headache Surgery: Cadaver and Case Reports.

Background: Nerve transection with nerve reconstruction is part of the treatment algorithm for patients with refractory pain after greater occipital nerve (GON) and lesser occipital nerve (LON) decompression or during primary decompression when severe nerve injury or neuroma formation is present. Importantly, the residual nerve stump is often best addressed via contemporary nerve reconstruction techniques to avoid recurrent pain. As a primary aim of this study, nerve capping is explored as a potential viable alternative that can be utilized in certain headache cases to mitigate pain.

Midterm Outcomes of the INBONE II Total Ankle Arthroplasty.

As the number of total ankle arthroplasties (TAA) performed continues to increase, understanding midterm outcomes can guide both implant selection and preoperative patient counseling. The purpose of this study was to investigate midterm results including the survival rate and reasons for revision for the INBONE II TAA. Patients undergoing a primary TAA with the study implant and minimum of 4.

Opioid-Free Forefoot Surgery vs Traditional Perioperative Opiate Regimen: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: In response to the opioid epidemic, the use of multimodal pain management in orthopaedic surgery is increasing. Efforts to decrease opioid prescribing and opioid consumption among foot and ankle surgical patients are needed. The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy and adverse events between 2 multimodal pain management pathways for forefoot surgical patients: standard opioid-containing (OC) and opioid-free (OF).

A Case of Refractory Angioedema.

Angioedema is an acute disorder that affects mucous membranes and the deepest layers of the skin along with underlying tissue, marked by rapid swelling, large welts, and pain. There are 3 major subtypes of angioedema: mast-cell mediated, bradykinin-mediated, and multifactorial or unclear mechanism subtype. The most common subtype of bradykinin-mediated angioedema is ACE-inhibitor induced, which disproportionately affects African-Americans.

Complications, Reoperations, and Patient-Reported Outcomes Following a 2-Stage Revision Total Ankle Arthroplasty for Chronic Periprosthetic Joint Infections.

Background: As total ankle arthroplasty (TAA) becomes more common, chronic periprosthetic joint infections (PJIs) will be encountered more frequently. No studies have reported on patient-reported outcomes following a 2-stage revision procedure for a chronic PJI after a TAA. The primary purpose of this study was to investigate postoperative clinical outcomes at a minimum of 2 years following a 2-stage revision TAA for chronic PJI.

Complications of Hallux Rigidus Surgery.

Hallux rigidus can be treated with a variety of surgical procedures, including joint preserving techniques, arthrodesis, and arthroplasty. The most commonly reported complications for joint preserving techniques consist of progression of arthritis, continued pain, and transfer metatarsalgia. Although good outcomes have been reported for arthrodesis overall, careful attention must be paid to technique and positioning of the toe to avoid nonunion or malunion.

Mortality and Conversion Rates to Below-Knee or Above-Knee Amputation After Transmetatarsal Amputation.

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to identify associated risk factors for complications, need for a higher level of amputation such as below-knee amputation (BKA) or above-knee amputation (AKA), and mortality after transmetatarsal amputation (TMA).

Methods: We identified 265 patients who underwent 286 TMA procedures between June 2002 and July 2016. Medical records were reviewed for revision surgery and amputation.

Open Ankle Arthrodesis for Deformity Correction.

Open ankle arthrodesis remains a reliable solution for ankle arthritis, especially in the setting of deformity. Careful preoperative evaluation needs to be performed, both clinically and radiographically. The specific deformity present helps determine the approach used and the fixation choices.

Deep Inferior Epigastric Artery Perforator Flap Breast Reconstruction in the Setting of Cryolipolysis.

The deep inferior epigastric artery perforator (DIEP) flap is a safe and reliable autologous breast reconstruction option for patients undergoing surgical treatment for breast cancer. Success of the procedure relies on adequate flap perfusion from perforators that travel within the subcutaneous layer of the abdominal wall. Patients who have undergone invasive abdominal wall procedures such as suction-assisted liposuction may therefore be at increased risk of postoperative complications such as flap loss and fat necrosis.