Mitochondria in Alzheimer's Disease Pathogenesis.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive and incurable neurodegenerative disorder that primarily affects persons aged 65 years and above. It causes dementia with memory loss and deterioration in thinking and language skills. AD is characterized by specific pathology resulting from the accumulation in the brain of extracellular plaques of amyloid-β and intracellular tangles of phosphorylated tau.

Therapeutic Potential of P110 Peptide: New Insights into Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease.

Mitochondrial degeneration in various neurodegenerative diseases, specifically in Alzheimer's disease, involves excessive mitochondrial fission and reduced fusion, leading to cell damage. P110 is a seven-amino acid peptide that restores mitochondrial dynamics by acting as an inhibitor of mitochondrial fission. However, the role of P110 as a neuroprotective agent in AD remains unclear.

Cognitive changes mediated by adenosine receptor blockade in a resveratrol-treated atherosclerosis-prone lupus mouse model.

Background And Aim: Resveratrol is a bioactive molecule used in dietary supplements and herbal medicines and consumed worldwide. Prior work showed that resveratrol's anti-atherogenic properties are mediated in part through the adenosine A2A receptor. The present study explores the potential contribution of adenosine A2A receptor activation to neuroprotective action of resveratrol on cognitive deficits in a model of atherosclerosis-prone systemic lupus erythematosus.

The role of mitochondrial dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease: A potential pathway to treatment.

Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent form of dementia worldwide and is characterized by progressive memory loss and cognitive impairment. Our understanding of AD pathogenesis is limited and no effective disease-modifying treatment is available. Mitochondria are cytoplasmic organelles critical to the homeostatic regulation of glucose and energy in the cell.

Absence of COVID-19 Disease Among Chronically Ventilated Nursing Home Patients.

Objective: To describe the experience of COVID-19 disease among chronically ventilated and nonventilated nursing home patients living in 3 separate nursing homes.

Design: Observational study of death, respiratory illness and COVID-19 polymerase chain reaction (PCR) results among residents and staff during nursing home outbreaks in 2020.

Setting And Participants: 93 chronically ventilated nursing home patients and 1151 nonventilated patients living among 3 separate nursing homes on Long Island, New York, as of March 15, 2020.

Alzheimer Disease Clinical Trials Targeting Amyloid: Lessons Learned From Success in Mice and Failure in Humans.

Background: The goal of slowing or halting the development of Alzheimer disease (AD) has resulted in the huge allocation of resources by academic institutions and pharmaceutical companies to the development of new treatments. The etiology of AD is elusive, but the aggregation of amyloid-β and tau peptide and oxidative processes are considered critical pathologic mechanisms. The failure of drugs with multiple mechanisms to meet efficacy outcomes has caused several companies to decide not to pursue further AD studies and has left the field essentially where it has been for the past 15 years.

Effect of oxytocin on lipid accumulation under inflammatory conditions in human macrophages.

Introduction And Aims: Oxytocin (OT) is a neuropeptide hormone secreted by the posterior pituitary gland. Deficits in OT action have been observed in patients with behavioral and mood disorders, some of which correlate with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Recent research has revealed a wider systemic role that OT plays in inflammatory modulation and development of atherosclerotic plaques.

Alzheimer's disease: many failed trials, so where do we go from here?

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative brain disorder associated with relentlessly progressive cognitive impairment and memory loss. AD pathology proceeds for decades before cognitive deficits become clinically apparent, opening a window for preventative therapy. Imbalance of clearance and buildup of amyloid β and phosphorylated tau proteins in the central nervous system is believed to contribute to AD pathogenesis.

COX-2-dependent and independent effects of COX-2 inhibitors and NSAIDs on proatherogenic changes in human monocytes/macrophages.

It is the second decade of controversy regarding the cardiovascular effects of cyclo-oxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitors. At this time, celecoxib is the only available COX-2-specific inhibitor for treatment of pain and inflammation. Therefore, the present study was designed primarily to determine the impact of celecoxib on cholesterol handling (uptake via scavenger receptors and efflux from the cells) and foam cell formation in human THP-1 macrophages, followed by comparison to rofecoxib and other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).

Linking Inflammation and Parkinson Disease: Hypochlorous Acid Generates Parkinsonian Poisons.

Inflammation is a common feature of Parkinson Disease and other neurodegenerative disorders. Hypochlorous acid (HOCl) is a reactive oxygen species formed by neutrophils and other myeloperoxidase-containing cells during inflammation. HOCl chlorinates the amine and catechol moieties of dopamine to produce chlorinated derivatives collectively termed chlorodopamine.

Impact of computerized physician order entry alerts on prescribing in older patients.

Background: A computerized physician order entry (CPOE) system provides opportunity for real-time alerts to prescribers. Winthrop University Hospital began using CPOE in 2009.

Objective: We sought to improve prescribing among older hospitalized patients by adding alerts to the CPOE system for potentially inappropriate medications.

Donepezil dosing strategies: pharmacokinetic considerations.

Donepezil (Aricept) is a cholinesterase inhibitor approved for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Immediate release formulations of 5- and 10-mg tablets were approved by the Food and Drug Administration in the United States in 1996. In July 2010, the Food and Drug Administration approved a 23-mg sustained release (SR) formulation.

Cholinesterase inhibitors: applying pharmacokinetics to clinical decision making.

Background: Cholinesterase inhibitors are indicated for the treatment of Alzheimer-type dementia. There are few direct comparative studies of adverse effects or studies to suggest clinical superiority of one inhibitor over the others.

Objective: The objective of this study was to relate pharmacokinetic differences among the agents to potential clinical considerations.

Internal medicine residents' perception of nursing home demographics and regulations: a pilot study.

Objectives: Internal medicine residents often provide hospital care for patients who are admitted from and discharged to nursing homes. This pilot study surveyed internal medicine residents for their assumptions and perceptions about demographics and regulations in the nursing home setting.

Design/setting/participants: Internal medicine residents at Winthrop University Hospital in Long Island, New York, were asked to participate in this anonymous, voluntary, and self-administered written survey during October 2006.

Older is colder: observations on body temperature among nursing home subjects.

Objective: To compare diurnal body temperature between young and old subjects.

Design: Analysis of oral temperatures obtained from 167 elderly subjects residing in the nursing home and 21 high school students.

Setting: Two nursing homes and a high school.

Cefepime neurotoxicity: case report, pharmacokinetic considerations, and literature review.

A 67-year-old woman with diabetes mellitus, chronic renal insufficiency, and recurrent urinary tract infections experienced encephalopathy and myoclonus while receiving cefepime. The adverse drug event was accompanied by elevated cefepime levels and abnormal electroencephalograms. This syndrome resolved after discontinuation of cefepime.