Insights into climate change dynamics: A tourism climate index-based evaluation of Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan.

The tourism industry is a significant contribution to the economy of many countries, including Pakistan. However, its activities often have a negative impact on the environment, particularly related to climate change. Notably, Pakistan ranks fifth among countries most affected by climate change, which requires a targeted analysis of the tourism sector to determine its potential impacts.

Acid-sensitive prodrugs; a promising approach for site-specific and targeted drug release.

Drugs administered through conventional formulations are devoid of targeting and often spread to various undesired sites, leading to sub-lethal concentrations at the site of action and the emergence of undesired effects. Hence, therapeutic agents should be delivered in a controlled manner at target sites. Currently, stimuli-based drug delivery systems have demonstrated a remarkable potential for the site-specific delivery of therapeutic moieties.

Multifunction and switchable hybrid metasurface based on graphene and gold.

This paper presents the design and numerical investigation of a graphene-based switchable terahertz (THz) metasurface for ultrawideband absorption and multiband cross polarization conversion. The device's operational mode can be altered to absorption or reflection by using the electrostatic capabilities exhibited by graphene. The numerical calculations yield results indicating that in absorption mode, it maintains a bandwidth ratio of 152% within the frequency range of 1.

Temperature-responsive module of OfAP1 and OfLFY regulates floral transition and floral organ identity in Osmanthus fragrans.

The MADS-box transcription factor APETELA1 (AP1) is crucially important for reproductive developmental processes. The function of AP1 and the classic LFY-AP1 interaction in woody plants are not widely known. Here, the OfAP1-a gene from the continuously flowering plant Osmanthus fragrans 'Sijigui' was characterized, and its roles in regulating flowering time, petal number robustness and floral organ identity were determined using overexpression in Arabidopsis thaliana and Nicotiana tabacum.

The Methylcitrate Cycle and Its Crosstalk with the Glyoxylate Cycle and Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle in Pathogenic Fungi.

In fungi, the methylcitrate cycle converts cytotoxic propionyl-coenzyme A (CoA) to pyruvate, which enters gluconeogenesis. The glyoxylate cycle converts acetyl-CoA to succinate, which enters gluconeogenesis. The tricarboxylic acid cycle is a central carbon metabolic pathway that connects the methylcitrate cycle, the glyoxylate cycle, and other metabolisms for lipids, carbohydrates, and amino acids.

A Study of the Degree of Gall Bladder Wall Thickness and Its Impact on Patients Undergoing Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy.

Background The gold standard management for symptomatic gallstone disease is elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy, which has replaced open cholecystectomy. The wall thickness of the gallbladder is an indicator of cholecystitis in patients who have presented with symptoms of gallstone disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate preoperative gall bladder wall thickness by ultrasonography and assess its impact on the outcome of laparoscopic cholecystectomy, including conversion rate, complications, operative time, and postoperative hospital stay.

Discovery of a key gene associated with fruit maturity date and analysis of its regulatory pathway in peach.

Fruit maturity is an important agronomic trait of fruit crops. Although in previous studies, several molecular markers are developed for the trait, the knowledge about its candidate genes is particularly limited. In this study, a total of 357 peach accessions were re-sequenced to obtain 949,638 SNPs.

MADS-box protein PpDAM6 regulates chilling requirement-mediated dormancy and bud break in peach.

Bud dormancy is crucial for winter survival and is characterized by the inability of the bud meristem to respond to growth-promotive signals before the chilling requirement (CR) is met. However, our understanding of the genetic mechanism regulating CR and bud dormancy remains limited. This study identified PpDAM6 (DORMANCY-ASSOCIATED MADS-box) as a key gene for CR using a genome-wide association study analysis based on structural variations in 345 peach (Prunus persica (L.

Pyonephrosis among Patients with Pyelonephritis Admitted in Department of Nephrology and Urology of a Tertiary Care Centre: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study.

Introduction: Pyonephrosis is a severe complication of pyelonephritis leading to rapid progression to sepsis and loss of renal function resulting in nephrectomy. Early identification of pyonephrosis based on clinical or radiological characteristics amongst pyelonephritis is paramount. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of pyonephrosis among patients with pyelonephritis admitted to the Department of Nephrology and Urology of a tertiary care centre.

The Impact of Urbanization on Urban Heat Island: Predictive Approach Using Google Earth Engine and CA-Markov Modelling (2005-2050) of Tianjin City, China.

Urbanization has adverse environmental effects, such as rising surface temperatures. This study analyzes the relationship between the urban heat island (UHI) intensity and Tianjin city's land cover characteristics. The land use cover change (LUCC) effects on the green areas and the land surface temperature (LST) were also studied.

Identification of Small Inhibitors for Human Metadherin, an Oncoprotein, through Approach.

Aims: Cancer is a disease that takes lives of thousands of people each year. There are more than 100 different types of cancers known to man. This fatal disease is one of the leading causes of death today.

Transcriptome analysis reveals pathogenesis-related gene 1 pathway against salicylic acid treatment in grapevine ( L).

Salicylic acid (SA) is a well-studied phenolic plant hormone that plays an important role in plant defense against the hemi-biothrophic and biothrophic pathogens and depends on the living cells of host for the successful infection. In this study, a pathogenesis test was performed between and cultivars against grape white rot disease (). was found to be resistant against this disease.

Recent Developments in Medicinal Chemistry and Therapeutic Potential of Anti-Cancer PROTACs-Based Molecules.

Background: PROTACs is an emerging technique that addresses the disease causing proteins by targeting protein degradation. PROTACs molecules are bifunctional small molecules that simultaneously bind to the protein of interest (POIs) and an E3 ligase followed by ubiquitination and degradation of the protein of interest by the proteasome.

Objective: PROTACs technology offers many advantages over classical inhibition such as PROTACs molecules can target intracellular proteins regardless of their function and have good tissue distribution.

The Promoter Analysis of Gene: A Candidate Gene Identified through Transcriptional Profiling of Methyl Jasmonate Treated Grapevine ( L.).

Methyl jasmonate (MeJA) plays a vital role in plant disease resistance and also induces the expression of disease resistance genes in plants. In this study, a transcriptome analysis was performed on grapevine leaves after 12, 24 and 48 h of MeJA-100 μM treatment. A total of 1242 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified from the transcriptome data, and the analysis of the DEGs showed that genes related to phytohormone signal transduction, jasmonic acid-mediated defense, Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and flavonoid biosynthetic pathways were upregulated.

Multi-omics approaches identify a key gene, PpTST1, for organic acid accumulation in peach.

Organic acid content in fruit is an important determinant of peach organoleptic quality, which undergoes considerable variations during development and maturation. However, its molecular mechanism remains largely unclear. In this study, an integrative approach of genome-wide association studies and comparative transcriptome analysis were applied to identify candidate genes involved in organic acid accumulation in peach.

Identification of key gene networks controlling anthocyanin biosynthesis in peach flower.

Flavonoids, particularly anthocyanin is the main pigment that determined the red color of peach flowers, and help the plant to attract pollinators, protect the reproductive organs of flower from photo-oxidative effects of light and various non-communicable diseases. Through weightage gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA) we identified a network of 15 hub genes that co-expressed throughout peach flower development including 5 genes coded for the key enzymes (CHI, F3'H, DFR, LAR and UFGT) of flavonoid biosynthetic pathway and 1 gene Prupe.1G111700 identified as R2R3 family transcription factor MYB108.

HPLC-DAD Based Polyphenolic Profiling and Evaluation of Pharmacological Attributes of Wall.

The current study was intended to explore the phytochemical profiling and therapeutic activities of Wall. Crude extracts of different plant parts were subjected to the determination of antioxidant, antimicrobial, antidiabetic, cytotoxic, and protein kinase inhibitory potential by using solvents of varying polarity ranges. Maximum phenolic content was notified in distilled water extracts of the stem (DW-S) and leaf (DW-L) while the highest flavonoid content was obtained in ethyl acetate leaf (EA-L) extract.

Managing acute pain in HIV+/AIDS patients: knowledge and practice trends among emergency physicians of major tertiary care centers of a developing country.

Objective: To assess knowledge and practice trends in managing acute pain in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV+) or having acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) among emergency physicians of four tertiary care hospitals. Acute pain management in such patients is complex because of multiple concomitant painful conditions related to their disease. After obtaining ethical approval and written informed consent, emergency physicians were requested to fill out a questionnaire.

Design and Investigation of Modern UWB-MIMO Antenna with Optimized Isolation.

This paper proposes a compact, semi-circular shaped multiple input multiple output (MIMO) antenna design with high isolation and enhanced bandwidth for ultrawide band (UWB) applications. A decoupling stub is used for high isolation reaching up to -55 dB over the entire bandwidth. The proposed antenna is used for UWB as well as super wide band (SWB) applications.

Earthquake Detection in a Static and Dynamic Environment Using Supervised Machine Learning and a Novel Feature Extraction Method.

Detecting earthquakes using smartphones or IoT devices in real-time is an arduous and challenging task, not only because it is constrained with the hard real-time issue but also due to the similarity of earthquake signals and the non-earthquake signals (i.e., noise or other activities).

Mitochondrial fission protein MoFis1 mediates conidiation and is required for full virulence of the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae.

The mitochondrial fission protein Fis1 regulates yeast mitochondrial fission and is required for ethanol-induced mitochondrial fragmentation and apoptosis. To examine the function of Fis1 in a plant pathogenic fungus, we cloned the MoFIS1 gene, a homolog of Saccharomyces cerevisiae FIS1, from Magnaporthe oryzae and characterized its function by targeted gene deletion and mutant phenotypic analysis. MoFIS1 deletion mutants were unaltered in conidial germination, appressorium formation, and mating tests, but were severely defective in colony growth, conidiation, virulence on rice and barley, growth under nitrogen and glucose deficiency, and growth under osmotic stress.

Treatment of ingrown toe nail-comparison of phenolization after partial nail avulsion and partial nail avulsion alone.

Background: Ingrown toe nail is common problem presenting to the surgeon. Partial Nail avulsion only results in recurrence of the ingrown toe nail. The aim of this study was too see the effect of phenolization in preventing recurrence after partial nail avulsion.

Disruption and molecular characterization of calpains-related (MoCAPN1, MoCAPN3 and MoCAPN4) genes in Magnaporthe oryzae.

Calpains are intracellular, cysteine proteases found in plants, animals and fungi functioning as signal transduction components in different cellular pathways including sporulation and alkaline adaptation in fungi. Calpains-related MoCAPN1 (MGG_14872), MoCAPN3 (MGG_15810) and MoCAPN4 (MGG_04818) genes from Magnaporthe oryzae genome which are 2604, 3513 and 771-bp in length and encoding identical proteins of 867, 1170 and 256 amino acids were functionally characterized for different phenotypes through gene disruption method. All the mutants except those for MoCAPN1 showed normal phenotypes.

Multifunction of autophagy-related genes in filamentous fungi.

Autophagy (macroautophagy), a highly conserved eukaryotic mechanism, is a non-selective degradation process, helping to maintain a balance between the synthesis, degradation and subsequent recycling of macromolecules to overcome various stress conditions. The term autophagy denotes any cellular process which involves the delivery of cytoplasmic material to the lysosome for degradation. Autophagy, in filamentous fungi plays a critical role during cellular development and pathogenicity.

Thinking beyond the obvious: hepatotoxicity secondary to idiosyncratic depakote toxicity.

Depakote-induced hepatotoxicity has been well established as an adverse effect, and periodic monitoring of drug level is often required. Depakote-induced hepatotoxicity mostly occurs at supratherapeutic drug level. Rarely, an idiosyncratic response is triggered, and hepatotoxicity can occur at the therapeutic drug level mostly in chronic users.