Ictal Coprolalia: Three Cases with Nondominat Frontal Lobe Involvement and Review of the Literature.

Coprolalia is defined as the involuntary use of obscene, socially unacceptable, and derogatory words. Ictal coprolalia is a rare presentation of epilepsy. This study aimed to determine the localizing and lateralizing value and frequency of ictal coprolalia in epilepsy patients.

Ictal Asystole During Focal Seizures Due to Left Occipital Glioneuronal Tumor: A Report of Case Treated With Cardiac Neuromodulation.

Ictal asystole (IA) is a rare but potentially life-threatening complication of focal epilepsy. The sudden onset of loss of consciousness and drop attacks in a patient with chronic epilepsy should suggest the possibility of this complication. Once the diagnosis is established, rapid management should be considered, especially in high-risk cases.

Ictal crying in epileptic seizures and psychogenic nonepileptic seizures: What are the hints to differentiate them?

Objectives: Ictal crying (IC) is a quite rare semiological manifestation of epileptic seizures (ESs) and it has been mostly reported in psychogenic nonepileptic seizures (PNESs). However, labeling IC as a pathognomonic sign of PNES can be harmful. We first aimed to investigate IC frequency in ES and PNES and highlight the differences of IC between ES and PNES.

Subclinical seizures: The demographic data and scalp video-EEG findings, concordance with the epilepsy type and prognosis.

Background: Subclinical seizures(SCSs) are overlooked in clinical practice. This study aims to investigate clinical, electrophysiological features of SCSs detected during video-electroencephalography(EEG) monitorization(VEM), concordance of the epilepsy type and SCSs, and predictors of the concordance.

Methods: The data of drug-resistant epilepsy patients who had undergone video-EEG between 2010 and 2020 were investigated.

Assessment of glymphatic function in narcolepsy using DTI-ALPS index.

Introduction: Sleep is a modulator of glymphatic activity which is altered in various sleep disorders. Narcolepsy is a sleep disorder characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS), rapid onset of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, cataplexy, disturbed night sleep with fragmentation. It is categorized into two types, type 1 (NT1) and type 2 (NT2) depending on the presence of cataplexy and/or absence of orexin.

Sleep disorders and polysomnography findings in patients with autoimmune encephalitis.

Background: Sleep disorders in patients with autoimmune encephalitis (AE) are increasingly reported. Early recognition and treatment have significant importance regarding the potential of sleep disorders' effect on morbidity and even mortality. There are a limited number of studies related to polysomnography (PSG) in these patients.

Relation between orexin A and epileptic seizures.

Introduction: One of the unknown mechanisms in epilepsy pathogenesis is the involvement of the hypothalamic neuropeptide orexin. Although the relationship between orexin and sleep has been revealed, its effect in epilepsy has not been fully clarified. In this study, we aimed to show the relationship between orexin A and the seizures that occur during sleep and wakefulness.

Changes of oxygen saturation in patients with pure temporal lobe epilepsy.

Purpose: Ictal hypoxemia is accepted as one of the mechanisms underlying sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP). Although ictal hypoxemia is more common in generalized seizures, it also occurs in focal seizures with or without generalization. In this study, we aimed to show the relationship between clinical and electroencephalographic findings of seizures in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) with periictal oxygen saturation.

The REM-sleep-related characteristics of narcolepsy: a nation-wide multicenter study in Turkey, the REMCON study.

Introduction: Narcolepsy type 1 (NT1) is caused by hypocretin deficiency, the pathophysiology of narcolepsy type 2 (NT2) has not been delineated. Except for the hypocretin deficiency and cataplexy, all clinical and laboratory features used in the diagnosis of NT2 are identical to those used for NT1. The aim of this study was to assess the rapid eye movement (REM) sleep-related characteristics in the patients with narcolepsy; the characteristics of REM sleep in polysomnography (PSG) and multiple sleep latency test (MSLT) recordings, the quantification of REM sleep without atonia (RSWA) and atonia index, and the analysis of rapid eye movements (REMs) during REM sleep.

Electroclinical spectrum of generalized paroxysmal fast activity in adults without epileptic encephalopathy.

Introduction: Generalized paroxysmal fast activity (GPFA) is a rare and underreported EEG pattern known to be related to epileptic encephalopathy. We aimed to investigate the electroclinical spectrum of GPFA along with other atypical EEG features in patients without epileptic encephalopathy in routine EEG practice.

Methods: Outpatient EEG records of Hacettepe University Hospital were retrospectively reviewed between 2010 and 2020.

Reduced myelin in patients with isolated hippocampal sclerosis as assessed by SyMRI.

Purpose: Synthetic MRI (SyMRI) enables to quantify brain tissue and morphometry. We aimed to investigate the WM and myelin alterations in patients with unilateral hippocampal sclerosis (HS) with SyMRI.

Methods: Adult patients with isolated unilateral HS and age-matched control subjects (CSs) were included in this study.

Electroclinical Presentations of Fixation-off Sensitivity in Adults With Symptomatic Epilepsy.

Purpose: Fixation-off sensitivity (FOS) is a discharge pattern on EEG that occurs owing to the loss of central vision or fixation. Knowledge regarding the relationship between FOS and symptomatic epilepsy is limited. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the electroclinical features of FOS in adult patients with symptomatic epilepsy.

Temporal encephaloceles can be missed in patients with refractory temporal lobe epilepsy.

Temporal encephaloceles (TEs) are one of the cause of refractory temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). We reviewed the neuroimaging and video-electroencephalography (EEG) records of epilepsy patients who underwent temporal lobectomy in our center to investigate frequency of TEs. We retrospectively reevaluated 294 patients who underwent epilepsy surgery in our tertiary epilepsy centre between January 2010 and March 2019 and included 159 patients (78 females, 49 %; 81 males) who had temporal lobectomy.

Simultaneous electrocardiogram during routine electroencephalogram: arrhythmia rates through the eyes of the cardiologist.

Background: The importance of simultaneous 2-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) recording during routine electroencephalogram (EEG) has been reported several times on clinical grounds.

Objective: To investigate arrhythmia rates detected by simultaneous 2-lead ECG in our patient sample undergoing routine EEG. Remarkably, we sought to assess the possible expansion of results with a more experienced interpretation of simultaneous ECG.

Aphasic status epilepticus in a tertiary referral center in Turkey: Clinical features, etiology, and outcome.

Objective: Aphasic status epilepticus (ASE), although rare, may often remain underdiagnosed. We aimed to report the patients diagnosed with ASE and describe their clinical presentation, etiology, electrophysiological findings, neuroimaging, treatment options, and outcome.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed a series of 28 patients diagnosed with ASE between January 2010 and August 2019 in our tertiary referral center.

Nocturnal Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Without Atonia can Be a Diagnostic Parameter in Differentiating Narcolepsy Type 1 From Type 2.

Purpose: We aimed to compare rapid eye movement sleep without atonia (RSWA), tonic RSWA, and phasic RSWA indices during polysomnography as a potential biomarker between narcolepsy type 1 and type 2.

Methods: Medical files, polysomnography, and multiple sleep latency tests of patients with narcolepsy were evaluated retrospectively. A total of three adolescents and 31 adult patients were included.

The coexistence of psychogenic nonepileptic and epileptic seizures in the same patient is more frequent than expected: Is there any clinical feature for defining these patients?

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of psychogenic nonepileptic seizures (PNES) and PNES-epilepsy coexistence within all video-electroencephalography (EEG) monitoring unit (VEMU) referrals and to identify semiological and electrophysiological features to differentiate patients with PNES-epilepsy coexistence from PNES-only.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed medical files, VEMU reports, and videos of 1983 adult patients. Demographical, historical, clinical, neuroimaging, and electrophysiological parameters of all patients were recorded.

Lower limb automatism in surgically treated temporal lobe epilepsy patients: Clinical and electrophysiological features.

Lower limb automatism has not been known well in temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) patients. This study investigated the distribution of risk factors, EEG features, and pathology types in surgically treated TLE patients. We also made a comparison of this group to surgically treated TLE patients with isolated hand automatism.

Pharmacoresistant seizures in neurofibromatosis type 1 related to hippocampal sclerosis: Three case presentation and review.

Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is an autosomal dominantly inherited disorder, with an estimated prevalence of 1 in 3000-4000 people. Seizures occur 4-7% of individuals with NF1, mostly due to associated brain tumors or cortical malformations. Hippocampal sclerosis (HS) in the patients with NF1 has been reported very rarely and only 15 patients were found in review of English literature.

Autoimmune Epilepsy and/or Limbic Encephalitis Can Lead to Changes in Sleep Spindles.

Introduction: Sleep disorders have been described in patients with autoimmune limbic encephalitis (LE). The changes in sleep structure were also reported. Recently sleep spindle abnormalities such as asynchronous or prolonged spindles were observed children with LE.

Heart Rate Variability During Nocturnal Sleep and Daytime Naps in Patients With Narcolepsy Type 1 and Type 2.

Purpose: Heart rate variability is a noninvasive measure of autonomic function. The aim of this study was to determine the risk of cardiovascular autonomic dysfunction during sleep in patients with narcolepsy. The effect of daytime napping was also examined in patients with narcolepsy type 1 and type 2.

Differences in diffusion tensor imaging changes between narcolepsy with and without cataplexy.

Objective: The distinctive clinical finding of Type 1 narcolepsy compared to Type 2 is the presence of cataplexy. Several neuroimaging studies have also reported abnormalities in narcolepsy patients with or without cataplexy. However, there are conflicting results to differentiate them.