Virtually Accompanied Eating in the Outpatient Therapy of Anorexia Nervosa.

Background: Normalizing the eating pattern and weight recovery are the main objectives in treating anorexia nervosa (AN). Eating accompaniment through shared mealtimes is a common strategy in eating disorder management programs. This study aims to examine the impact on weight gain of an internet-delivered meal support group on patients with AN who were under ambulatory treatment with the Eating Disorders Unit of the UC Christus Health Network, Chile.

Bile acids synthesis decreases after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy.

Background: Bariatric surgery is the most effective treatment alternative in morbid obesity. The mechanisms contributing to these benefits remain poorly understood. Bile acids (BAs) are mediators of different regulatory functions in glucose and cholesterol homeostasis and energy expenditure.

Effects of sleeve gastrectomy and medical treatment for obesity on glucagon-like peptide 1 levels and glucose homeostasis in non-diabetic subjects.

Background: The effects of medical and surgical treatments for obesity on glucose metabolism and glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) levels independent of weight loss remain unclear. This study aims to assess plasma glucose levels, insulin sensitivity and secretion, and GLP-1 levels before and after sleeve gastrectomy (SG) or medical treatment (MED) for obesity.

Methods: This study is a prospective, controlled, non-randomised study.

Medical and surgical treatments for obesity have opposite effects on peptide YY and appetite: a prospective study controlled for weight loss.

Context: The effects of medical and surgical treatments for obesity on peptide YY (PYY) levels, in patients with similar weight loss, remain unclear.

Objective: The objective of the study was to assess PYY and appetite before and after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB), sleeve gastrectomy (SG), and medical treatment (MED).

Design: This was a prospective, controlled, nonrandomized study.

[Pathophysiology of diabetic retinopathy and nephropathy].

Despite the availability of multiple therapeutic approaches, diabetes mellitus with chronic hyperglycemia remains as the main cause of new cases of blindness and chronic renal failure in the western hemisphere. We herein review the molecular mechanisms by which chronic hyperglycemia causes retinopathy and nephropathy in type I and type 2 diabetic patients. Diabetic retinopathy develops silently along years or decades, producing symptoms only in its very late stages.

Near-optimal glycemic control in Chilean women with pregestational type-2 diabetes: persistent macrosomia relates to maternal pre-pregnancy overweight.

Unlabelled: After a 10-year program intending to improve glycemic control in diabetic pregnancies, we evaluated whether factors underlying macrosomia are similar for type-1 and -2 pregestational diabetic women.

Patients And Methods: Twenty-three pregnancies in type-1 diabetics (PDM1, age 28.3+/-1.

[Evaluation of a pilot intervention program for overweight and obese adults at risk of type 2 diabetes].

Background: The Ministry of Health of Chile and selected obesity specialized centers implemented an interdisciplinary pilot program for overweight adults at risk of diabetes to decrease the risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and cardiovascular risk factors (CVRF).

Aim: To assess the results of this program.

Patients And Methods: Beneficiaries of the public primary health system aged 18-45 years, with a body mass index (BMI) 25-38 kg/m(2) and fasting blood glucose 100-125 mg/dL or with any direct family member with T2D, were recruited.

[Ultrasound assessment of endothelial function in Chilean children and adults].

Background: Endothelial dysfunction is an important pathogenetic mechanism in the development of atherosclerosis.

Aim: To evaluate endothelial function in Chilean children and adult subjects and to provide normal values of flow mediated dilatation (FMD) in the Chilean population.

Subjects And Methods: Flow mediated dilation of the brachial artery was measured by high resolution ultrasonography in healthy children (n=32) and adults (n=69) of both gender, in a group of 8 healthy women during 4 periods of pregnancy and late postpartum, and in 22 men and women with a history of stroke or coronary heart disease.

Isolated soy protein improves endothelial function in postmenopausal hypercholesterolemic women.

Background: Postmenopausia and hypercholesterolemia are related to endothelial dysfunction, a pathogenic event in atherosclerosis. Soy protein reduces plasma cholesterol, but there is scanty information about its effect on endothelial function.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of isolated soy protein compared to caseinate on plasma lipoproteins and endothelial function in postmenopausal hypercholesterolemic women.

Reduced Na-K pump but increased Na-K-2Cl cotransporter in aorta of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat.

The activities of Na-K-ATPase and Na-K-2Cl cotransporter (NKCC1) were studied in the aorta, heart, and skeletal muscle of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats and control rats. In the aortic rings of STZ rats, the Na-K-ATPase-dependent (86)Rb/K uptake was reduced to 60.0 +/- 5.

[Endothelial dysfunction as a primary disorder in vascular diseases].

Endothelium controls vascular smooth muscle tone by secreting relaxing and contracting factors. There is a constant release of endothelium derived relaxing factors, mainly nitric oxide, a potent vasodilator, inhibitor of platelet aggregation, monocyte adhesion and smooth muscle proliferation. In addition, the endothelium may increase the release of NO in response to humoral stimulation by vasoactive substances such as acetylcholine, bradykinin or substance P.

A high-fat diet induces and red wine counteracts endothelial dysfunction in human volunteers.

Endothelial dysfunction is associated with atherogenesis and oxidative stress in humans. In rat and rabbit blood vessels, wine polyphenol antioxidants induce vascular relaxation in vitro through the NO-cGMP pathway. To assess the effect of a regular high-fat diet (HFD) and moderate red wine consumption on endothelial function (EF), a study was performed in healthy male volunteers.

Inositol (1,4,5)-trisphosphate activates a calcium channel in isolated sarcoplasmic reticulum membranes.

Sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane vesicles isolated from frog skeletal muscle display high conductance calcium channels when fused into phospholipid bilayers. The channels are selective for calcium and barium over Tris. The fractional open time was voltage-independent (-40 to +25 mV), but was steeply dependent on the free cis [Ca2+] (P0 = 0.