Resistance and the regimen: The microthanatopolitics of Venezuelan antiretroviral scarcity and HIV drug adherence failures.

The Venezuelan State does not provide adequate antiretroviral therapy (ART) for the population living with HIV, resulting in pharmaceutical scarcity, involuntary treatment pauses, and adherence failures. Such a situation may result in the development of resistance to certain ART drugs, meaning that Venezuelans with HIV may have their treatment options reduced for the remainder of their lives. It can take a number of years for a person to acquire late-stage HIV/AIDS and for death to occur, and so I focus on the microbiological death of CD4 cells over time - a concept I call 'microthanatopolitics'.

Challenging NHS Corporate Mentality: Hospital-Management and Bureaucracy in London's Pandemic.

Whilst NHS Health Service management is usually characterized by hierarchized bureaucracy and profit-driven competitiveness, the COVID-19 pandemic drastically disrupted these ways of working and allowed London-based non-clinical management to experience their roles otherwise. This paper is based on 35 interviews with senior non-clinical management at a London-based NHS Trust during 'Alpha phase' of Britain's pandemic response (May-August 2020), an oft-overlooked group in the literature. I will draw upon Graeber's theory of "total bureaucratization" to argue that though the increasing neo-liberalization of the health-services has hitherto contributed toward a corporate mentality, the pandemic gave managers a chance to experience more collaboration and freedom than usual, which ultimately led to more effective realization of decision-making and change.

A Review on the Health Impact of Self-medication for Malaria on Port Harcourt Residents.

Self-medication is a widespread public health issue that has continued to grow without ever reaching a level, both in wealthy and underdeveloped countries. Residents of Port Harcourt, Nigeria, have faced danger to their health from malaria, and because they have limited access to healthcare, the majority of them turn to self-medication to treat the disease. The study's goal was to ascertain how well-informed Port Harcourt citizens were of the negative effects of self-medication for malaria on their health.

Does Preterm Status Hinder the Timely Diagnosis of Intestinal Atresia?

Intestinal atresia is one of the most common causes of bowel obstruction in newborns. Unfortunately, this diagnosis is often missed or delayed in extremely preterm infants because of complications of prematurity including feeding intolerance and necrotizing enterocolitis. Here we report 2 cases of jejunoileal atresia in extremely preterm infants who were diagnosed beyond 30 days of age.

'Aquí viene una Veneca más': Venezuelan migrants and 'the sexual question' in Peru.

Migrant access to sexual and reproductive health (SRH) services has been highlighted as an urgent priority for the 800,000+ Venezuelans who have arrived in Peru in recent years due to political and economic crisis. Venezuelan migrants in Peru, however, negotiate their access to SRH services in what anthropologists term a 'geography of blame', and are accused and stigmatised for having imported sexually transmitted infections to the local population. Alongside this blame, female migrants are highly sexualised and face stigma, resulting in real and perceived threats to their safety, wellbeing, and integration.

Consciously quarantined: a review of the early anthropological response to the global COVID-19 lockdown.

Whilst quarantine has been experienced in a multitude of ways around the world, for some anthropologists the quietening of public movement was met with a flurry of attentive typing. For those who were consciously quarantined, a social science response to COVID-19 was sought at University College London through a call for posts as part of the UCL Medical Anthropology blog; capturing the real-time observations and scholarly reflections on the unfolding pandemic situation as it reached its height across the globe. The global flow of coronavirus - both as a literal microbial agent and as an idea - has played out on the 'coronascape' in multiple ways since it exploded onto worldwide consciousness in early 2020.

Venezuelan women's perception of sexual and reproductive health services in Lima, Peru.

Objectives: To know the perception of Venezuelan women about sexual and reproductive health (SRH) services in Lima, Peru.

Materials And Methods: This study had a qualitative methodological approach; 50 migrant women in Lima and three obstetricians who provide SRH care by the United Nations Population Fund were interviewed, information was collected from July to December 2019. The SRH service in Lima was analyzed using the theory of "reproductive governance".

Using machine learning analysis to assist in differentiating between necrotizing enterocolitis and spontaneous intestinal perforation: A novel predictive analytic tool.

Purpose: Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) and spontaneous intestinal perforation (SIP) are devastating diseases in preterm neonates, often requiring surgical treatment. Previous studies evaluated outcomes in peritoneal drain placement versus laparotomy, but the accuracy of the presumptive diagnosis remains unknown without bowel visualization. Predictive analytics provide the opportunity to determine the etiology of perforation and guide surgical decision making.

[Qualitative analysis of the care in the family planning services offered quechua-speaking patients in Ayacucho, Peru].

Objectives.: The aim of this study was to address and analyze the medical care provided to low-income Quechua women who use the Seguro Integral de Salud (SIS, in Spanish) (comprehensive health insurance) to access family planning services, and to determine whether there is a significant fear toward contraceptive methods because of the forced sterilizations occurred in the past.

Materials And Methods.

(Re)produciendo profesionales peruanos: la asistencia social y la ciudadanía-materna de las madres quechuas empobrecidas.

A través de los discursos de independencia financiera y «profesio-nalización» de la descendencia promovidos por la asistencia médica (SIS) y social (Juntos) provista por el Estado, las mujeres quechuas que viven en la pobreza descubren que, al ingresar a la maternidad, su plena ciudadanía se vuelve condicional a los comportamientos exitosos y la administración de los hijos para obtener un medio de vida más «deseable» que el suyo. Esto sugiere que la maternidad, mientras se es pobre, da un valor moral a las mujeres que el Estado usa para justificar su monitoreo y gobierno. Este artículo se basa en un año de trabajo de campo etnográfico en comunidades rurales y centros o puestos de salud en la provincia de Vilcashuamán, departamento de Ayacucho, Perú.

The Effect of the Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor Suberoylanilide Hydroxamic Acid and Paclitaxel Treatment on Full-Thickness Wound Healing in Mice.

Introduction: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy prior to lumpectomy or mastectomy for breast cancer challenges wound healing. Suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA), a histone deacetylase inhibitor, has been shown to work synergistically with paclitaxel in vitro and in preclinical studies. In addition, our laboratory has demonstrated that SAHA treatment decreases paclitaxel-associated stem cell toxicity, modulates inflammatory response, and promotes wound healing in injured fibroblast cells.

Acute kidney injury following implementation of an enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocol in colorectal surgery.

Purpose: Fluid management within Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) protocols is designed to maintain a euvolemic state avoiding the negative sequelae of hypervolemia or hypovolemia. We sought to determine the effect of a recent ERAS protocol implementation on kidney function and on the incidence of postoperative acute kidney injury (AKI).

Methods: A total of 132 elective colorectal resections performed using our ERAS protocol were compared to a propensity-matched group prior to ERAS implementation.

Acceleration of diabetic wound healing with adipose-derived stem cells, endothelial-differentiated stem cells, and topical conditioned medium therapy in a swine model.

Objective: The purpose of our study was to investigate the effect of adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs), endothelial-differentiated ASCs (EC/ASCs), and various conditioned media (CM) on wound healing in a diabetic swine model. We hypothesized that ASC-based therapies would accelerate wound healing.

Methods: Diabetes was induced in four Yorkshire swine through intravenous injection of streptozotocin.

Distribution of chromosome breakpoints in benzene-exposed and unexposed AML patients.

Results of laboratory studies and investigations of occupationally exposed healthy individuals have been used to develop a mode of action for benzene-induced leukemia that mirrors disease following treatment with chemotherapeutic agents. Recently we have described series of AML and MDS cases with benzene exposure history, and have provided cytogenetic, molecular, and pathologic evidence that these cases differ significantly in many features from therapy-related disease. Here we have extended this work, and describe chromosome breakpoints across 441 identifiable regions, in terms of gains or losses, in 710 AML cases collected during the Shanghai Health Study, which include 75 with a history of benzene exposure.

Success of referral to genetic counseling after positive lynch syndrome screening test.

Purpose: Lynch syndrome (LS) is a hereditary condition that increases one's risk of developing colorectal, endometrial, and other extracolonic cancers. MD Anderson Cancer Center at Cooper implemented a reflex screening protocol for DNA mismatch repair (dMMR) deficiency. Those with findings suspicious for LS were referred for genetic counseling (GC).

Wind and rain are the primary climate factors driving changing phenology of an aerial insectivore.

While the ecological effects of climate change have been widely observed, most efforts to document these impacts in terrestrial systems have concentrated on the impacts of temperature. We used tree swallow () nest observations from two widely separated sites in central Alaska to examine the aspects of climate affecting breeding phenology at the northern extent of this species' range. We found that two measures of breeding phenology, annual lay and hatch dates, are more strongly predicted by windiness and precipitation than by temperature.

Bilateral ovarian micrometastatic adenocarcinoma upon prophylactic oophorectomy concurrent with low anterior resection for rectal cancer.

Background: This case report draws attention to the debated role of prophylactic oophorectomy in women undergoing definitive surgical resection of colon and rectal cancers. It can be challenging to discern the indications and appropriate patient population for this procedure based on the current literature. Potential benefits include treatment and prevention of metastatic disease, preventing development of primary ovarian cancer, and prolonging survival.

Hospital-Based Case-Control Study of MDS Subtypes and Benzene Exposure in Shanghai.

Objective: Due to the sparse data on benzene exposure and myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) subtypes, we studied this relationship in patients from 29 hospitals in Shanghai, China.

Methods: We recruited 604 cases of MDS and 1193 controls matched on age, sex, and admission date. We interviewed subjects for information on workplace and lifestyle exposures, and developed semi-quantitative exposure estimates.

A case of donepezil-related torsades de pointes.

An 80-year-old woman with Alzheimer's dementia presented with diarrhoea, vomiting and worsening confusion following an increase in donepezil dose from 5 to 10 mg. The ECG revealed prolongation of QTc interval. Soon after admission, she became unresponsive with polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (VT).

Spin crossover in tetranuclear Fe(II) complexes, {[(tpma)Fe(μ-CN)]4}X4 (X = ClO4(-), BF4(-)).

Two Fe(II) complexes, {[(tpma)Fe(μ-CN)]4}X4 (X = ClO4(-) (1a), BF4(-) (1b); tpma = tris(2-pyridylmethyl)amine), were prepared by reacting the {Fe(tpma)}(2+) building block with (Bu4N)CN. The crystal structures of 1a and 1b feature a tetranuclear cation composed of cyanide-bridged Fe(II) ions, each capped with a tetradentate tpma ligand. The Fe4(μ-CN)4 core of the complex is strongly distorted, assuming a butterfly-like geometry.

Cytogenetics in benzene-associated myelodysplastic syndromes and acute myeloid leukemia: new insights into a disease continuum.

Hematopoiesis in health and disease results from complex interactions between primitive hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and the extrinsic influences of other cells in the bone marrow (BM) niche. Advances in stem cell biology, molecular genetics, and computational biology reveal that the immortality, self-renewal, and maintenance of blood homeostasis generally attributed to individual HSCs are functions of the cells' behavior in the normal BM environment. Here we discuss how these advances, together with results of outcomes-based clinical epidemiology studies, provide new insight into the importance of epigenetic events in leukemogenesis.

Risk of myeloproliferative disease and chronic myeloid leukaemia following exposure to low-level benzene in a nested case-control study of petroleum workers.

Background: Benzene exposure has been associated with increased risk of leukaemia and myelodysplastic syndrome. Existing studies are sparse for other lymphohaematopoietic cancer subtypes, such as myeloproliferative disease (MPD) and the related chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML). We pooled data from three petroleum worker nested case-control studies to address this gap.