Causal factors of work-related chemical eye injuries reported to the Dutch Poisons Information Center.

This study investigated the circumstances of chemical occupational eye exposures reported to the Dutch Poisons Information Center. During a 1-year prospective study, data were collected through a telephone survey of 132 victims of acute occupational eye exposure. Victims were often exposed to industrial products (35%) or cleaning products (27%).

Acute occupational exposures reported to the Dutch Poisons Information Center: a prospective study on the root causes of incidents at the workplace.

Background: Hazardous substances at the workplace can cause a wide variety of occupational incidents. This study aimed to investigate the nature and circumstances of acute occupational intoxications reported to the Dutch Poisons Information Center.

Methods: During a one-year prospective study, data on the circumstances and causes of the incident, the exposure(s) and clinical course, were collected by a telephone survey with victims of an acute occupational intoxication.

Estimation of the risk of local and systemic effects in infants after ingestion of low-concentrated weak acids from descaling products.

Introduction: The accidental ingestion of diluted household descaling products by infants is a phenomenon that poison control centers regularly encounter. Feeding infants with baby milk prepared with water from electric kettles still containing descaler is a common way of exposure. This study aimed to determine the risks related to ingestion of (diluted) descalers by infants.

Is secondary chemical exposure of hospital personnel of clinical importance?

Introduction: There is increasing concern among hospital personnel about potential secondary exposure when treating chemically contaminated patients.

Objective: To assess which circumstances and chemicals require the use of Level C Personal Protective Equipment (chemical splash suit and air-purifying respirator), to prevent secondary contamination of hospital personnel treating a chemically contaminated patient.

Methods: The US National Library of Medicine PubMed database was searched for the years 1985 to 2020 utilizing combinations of relevant search terms.

Profile of incidental exposures to e-cigarette liquids in Europe, 2018-2019.

Background: Following the implementation of the European Union Tobacco Product Directive (EU TPD) regulations on e-cigarette products in 2016, we assessed the current profile of e-cigarette liquid exposure incidents and their associated health outcomes.

Methods: De-identified data were received from poison centers in eight EU Member States (Sweden, the Netherlands, Italy, Hungary Austria, Finland, Spain and Croatia) reporting on e-cigarette liquid exposure incidents between August 2018 to December 2019. Descriptive analysis was conducted to present incident characteristics and health outcomes.

Intoxication with Ornithogalum arabicum is a potential cause of visual impairment and irreversible blindness in dogs.

We describe two dogs with persistent visual impairment after initially mild intoxication signs following ingestion of plant material. Additionally, a 12-year analysis of the Dutch Poisons Information Centre database additionally reveals that ingestion of plant material can be potentially life-threatening to companion animals. Further studies are necessary to confirm the involvement of cardiac glycoside-like toxins present in and the toxicity of these substances to the retina.

A quarter of admitted poisoned patients have a mild poisoning and require no treatment: An observational study.

Background: Poisoned patients are frequently admitted following Emergency Department (ED) presentation, while the necessity of such admissions is hardly investigated. We determined the proportion and characteristics of poisoned patients who were admitted, but in retrospect had an uneventful admission.

Methods: For this observational cohort study, all patients presented to the ED of a Dutch University Hospital with various poisonings during a 1.

Fatalities, Cerebral Hemorrhage, and Severe Cardiovascular Toxicity After Exposure to the New Psychoactive Substance 4-Fluoroamphetamine: A Prospective Cohort Study.

Study Objective: We study adverse health effects after use of the new psychoactive substance 4-fluoroamphetamine.

Methods: All patients who reported 4-fluoroamphetamine exposure and for whom the Dutch Poisons Information Center was consulted by their physician in 2016 were included in a prospective cohort study. The clinical course was investigated through telephone interviews with the physician and/or patient, using standardized questionnaires.

Characteristics and outcomes of e-cigarette exposure incidents reported to 10 European Poison Centers: a retrospective data analysis.

Background: The use of e-cigarettes has increased during the past few years. Exposure to e-cigarette liquids, whether intentional or accidental, may lead to adverse events our aim was to assess factors associated with e-cigarette exposures across European Union Member States (EU MS).

Methods: A retrospective analysis of exposures associated with e-cigarettes reported to national poison centers was performed covering incidents from 2012 to March 2015 from 10 EU MS.

New legal requirements for submission of product information to poisons centres in EU member states.

In the past eight years, the European Association of Poisons Centres and Clinical Toxicologists (EAPCCT) has been intensively involved in a European Commission led process to develop EU legislation on the information of hazardous products that companies have to notify to EU Poisons Centres (or equivalent "appointed bodies"). As a result of this process, the Commission adopted Regulation (EU) No 2017/542, amending the CLP Regulation by adding an Annex on harmonised product submission requirements. Harmonised mixture information requirements: Detailed and consistent information on the composition of the hazardous product will become available to EU Poisons Centres (PC).

Modeling the effect of succimer (DMSA; dimercaptosuccinic acid) chelation therapy in patients poisoned by lead.

Context: Kinetic models could assist clinicians potentially in managing cases of lead poisoning. Several models exist that can simulate lead kinetics but none of them can predict the effect of chelation in lead poisoning. Our aim was to devise a model to predict the effect of succimer (dimercaptosuccinic acid; DMSA) chelation therapy on blood lead concentrations.

Modelling dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) plasma kinetics in humans.

Context: No kinetic models presently exist which simulate the effect of chelation therapy on lead blood concentrations in lead poisoning.

Objective: Our aim was to develop a kinetic model that describes the kinetics of dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA; succimer), a commonly used chelating agent, that could be used in developing a lead chelating model.

Material And Methods: This was a kinetic modelling study.

Clinical presentation and management of an Aruban rattlesnake bite in the Netherlands.

Bites by Aruban Rattlesnake (Crotalus durissus unicolor) are rare and not known to induce severe envenomations. Here, we present a case of a 57 year-old man bitten by his pet Aruban Rattlesnake (Crotalus durissus unicolor). He was admitted to hospital within 15 min.

Methylphenidate intoxications in children and adults: exposure circumstances and evidence-based dose threshold for pre-hospital triage.

Context: Methylphenidate intoxications mostly have a relatively mild course, although serious complications can occur.

Objective: We aimed to characterize methylphenidate exposures and reassess our current dose threshold for hospital referral (2 mg/kg).

Methods: In a prospective follow-up study, we analysed 364 consecutive methylphenidate exposures that were reported to the Dutch Poisons Information Center.

Acute subjective effects after smoking joints containing up to 69 mg Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol in recreational users: a randomized, crossover clinical trial.

Rationale: An increase in the potency of the cannabis cigarettes has been observed over the past three decades.

Objectives: In this study, we aimed to establish the impact of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) on the rating of subjective effects (intensity and duration of the effects), up to 23 % THC potency (69 mg THC) among recreational users.

Methods: Recreational users (N = 24) smoked cannabis cigarettes with four doses of THC (placebo 29, 49 and 69 mg of THC) on four separate test days in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study.

[Cobalt poisoning due to metal-on-metal hip implants].

Since 2011, cobalt and chromium blood levels are measured in patients with a metal-on-metal hip implant (MoM prosthesis). In this article we discuss the health risks that are related to chronically elevated blood cobalt concentrations induced by abnormal wear and corrosion of the MoM prosthesis. Only a few patients who have systemic symptoms of poisoning, besides local symptoms around the failing MoM prosthesis, have been described in the literature.

Disposition of smoked cannabis with high Δ(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol content: a kinetic model.

Introduction: No model exists to describe the disposition and kinetics of inhaled cannabis containing a high THC dose. We aimed to develop a kinetic model providing estimates of the THC serum concentrations after smoking cannabis cigarettes containing high THC doses (up to 69mg THC).

Methods: Twenty-four male non-daily cannabis users smoked cannabis cigarettes containing 29.