Effect of upper eyelid blepharoplasty on the ocular surface, tear film, and corneal microstructure.

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the effect of upper eyelid blepharoplasty with the removal of the skin and a strip of orbicularis oculi muscle on the ocular surface, tear film, and dry eye-related symptoms.

Methods: Twenty-two eyes of 22 consecutive patients operated by a single surgeon (21 females; mean age, 61 years; age range, 41-75 years) were included. All subjects completed the Ocular Surface Disease Index questionnaire, underwent in vivo confocal microscopy, tear film breakup time measurements, the Schirmer test with anesthesia, and fluorescein and lissamine green staining measurements before, 1 month, and 6 months after upper blepharoplasty alone with preseptal orbicularis excision.

Association of ocular surface and meibomian gland alterations with silicone hydrogel contact lens wear.

Purpose: To evaluate silicone hydrogel contact lens (SH-CL) effects on the meibomian glands, corneal structure, and ocular surface parameters.

Methods: Fifty SH-CL wearers for at least 6 months, and 50 sex and age-matched control subjects were recruited for this cross-sectional study. Visual display terminal (VDT) work and CL wear duration were questioned, ocular surface and tear functions were evaluated using OSDI questionnaire, tear break-up time (TBUT), corneal fluorescein staining, and Schirmer test.

Evaluation of the effects of environmental factors and eating habits on exfoliation syndrome and glaucoma in a Turkish population.

Purpose: This study aimed to assess the possible effect of environmental factors and eating habits on patients with the exfoliation syndrome (XFS) and exfoliative glaucoma (XFG) in a Turkish population.

Methods: A questionnaire was applied to 1,000 individuals, including 290 patients with XFS, 210 patients with XFG, and 500 age- and sex-matched healthy control participants. Sociodemographic characteristics, home type and warming methods, living and working conditions (indoor-outdoor), dietary habits based on the the guidance of Turkey Dietary Guidelines, (Determination of Nutritional Status Report and Turkey National Nutrition and Health Survey) and using sunglasses were evaluated.

The Effect of Mask Use on the Ocular Surface During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Objectives: The new coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic emerged in Wuhan, China in October 2019 and spread rapidly all over the world, making extended mask use an inescapable rule of daily life. Literature data indicate that the use of face masks increases the symptoms of dry eye in addition to preventing the spread of COVID-19. The aim of our study was to evaluate the relationship between the clinical signs and symptoms of dry eye and the duration of mask use in healthy individuals using regular face masks.

Evaluation of Keratoconus Disease with Tear Cytokine and Chemokine Levels Before and After Corneal Cross-Linking Treatment.

Objectives: To compare tear cytokine and chemokine levels of keratoconus (KC) patients with controls to perceive etiology distinctly and to clarify the molecular changes after cross-linking (CXL).

Methods: Tear samples were gathered from 34 participants in this prospective study. Participants underwent anterior and posterior segment examinations with slit-lamp biomicroscopy.

Ocular Changes and Tear Cytokines in Individuals with Low Serum Vitamin D Levels: A Cross-Sectional, Controlled Study.

Background: We investigated the effects of vitamin D on the ocular surface, tear functions, corneal imaging, and tear film cytokine levels.

Methods: Fifty-two patients with vitamin D levels were examined in 3 groups according to serum vitamin D levels; 28 in group 1 (<12 ng/ml), 10 in group 2 (12-20 ng/ml), and 14 in group 3 (>20 ng/ml). Ocular surface disease index (OSDI), tear break up time (BUT), lissamine green (LG) staining, Schirmer test, in vivo confocal microscopy (IVCM), and tear collection for cytokine analysis were performed.

Influence of video display terminal use and meibomian gland dysfunction on the ocular surface and tear neuromediators.

Objective: To evaluate the effects of video display terminal (VDT) work and meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) on ocular surface parameters, tear cytokine and substance P (SP) levels, and their association with dry eye disease (DED).

Methods: This cross-sectional study included 60 patients with evaporative DED and 20 healthy individuals. The DED patients were divided into three groups according to daily VDT work time and presence of MGD.

Investigation of anterior segment structures of the eye in Behçet's disease using in vivo confocal microscopy.

Purpose: We sought to investigate alterations in the corneal subbasal nerve plexus and endothelium in patients with Behçet's disease (BD).

Methods: This cross-sectional study included 64 patients with BD and 30 age- and gender-matched healthy control subjects. Those with BD were classified as having ocular or non-ocular disease.

The effects of the systemic isotretinoin treatment on ocular surface and meibomian glands: a prospective longitudinal study.

Purpose: To assess the effects of systemic isotretinoin therapy (SIT) on the ocular surface, meibomian glands (MG) and cornea microstructure in acne vulgaris (AV) patients.

Methods: Patients with AV ( = 20) and healthy controls ( = 20) were enrolled in the study. All participants underwent ocular surface tests in the order of ocular surface disease index (OSDI) questionnaire, corneal sensitivity, tear break-up time (BUT), fluorescein and lissamine green (LG) staining and Schirmer II test with anaesthesia.

Smell Sensitivity in Primary Open-angle Glaucoma and Pseudoexfoliation Glaucoma.

Prcis: This cross-sectional study of 20 patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), 20 with exfoliative glaucoma (XFG), 20 with exfoliation syndrome (XS) showed that exfoliative group had a significantly lower smell identification level as compared with the control groups.

Purpose: To investigate smell sensitivity in POAG, XFG, and XFS in comparison with healthy controls.

Materials And Methods: This prospective, cross-sectional study included 20 patients with POAG, 20 with XFG, and 20 with XFS.

The functional and structural evaluation of small fibers in asymptomatic carriers of TTR p.Val50Met (Val30Met) mutation.

Therapeutic advances in hereditary amyloid transthyretin (ATTRv) amyloidosis with polyneuropathy extended life expectancy and delayed symptom progression especially in patients with early disease. Thus, detection and monitoring of asymptomatic carriers gained importance. However, there is still limited consensus on genetic screening of ATTRv-polyneuropathy patients' family members and diagnostic tests that must be done in the follow-up.

Plasma levels of sirtuin and adiponectin in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma, exfoliative glaucoma, and healthy controls.

Purpose: To compare plasma levels of sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) and adiponectin (APN) in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), exfoliative glaucoma (XFG), and healthy control subjects.

Methods: This prospective case-control study collected plasma samples from 118 participants. All subjects underwent a comprehensive ophthalmologic examination before the acquisition of a plasma sample.

A new look at the safety and tolerability of prostaglandin analogue eyedrops in glaucoma and ocular hypertension.

Introduction: In the last 25 years, topical prostaglandin analogues (PGAs) have emerged to become first line and first choice therapeutic options in the management of glaucoma and ocular hypertension (OHT). Although the short-term efficacy and safety of PGAs has been extensively investigated, less is known about their long term safety and tolerability. This gap in current knowledge is clinically relevant, because treatment-related adverse events and long-term tolerability issues are key determinants of the overall success of long-term therapy and the final outcome of a lifelong, symptomless disease like glaucoma.

Spheroidal Degeneration in Two Siblings: Clinical and Histopathological Features.

Spheroidal corneal degeneration is predominantly seen in advanced age and hereditary predisposition to this disorder is very rare. This report describes the occurrence of bilateral band-shaped spheroidal corneal degeneration in two siblings.

Association of Dry Eye with Laryngopharyngeal Reflux in Clinical Practice.

Background: Dry eye disease (DED) is a common disorder, accounting for up to 35% of the general population. Therefore, we hypothesized that laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR), inducing refluxate rising into airways, may involve the ocular surface and may either induce or worsen DED.

Aim: To investigate the prevalence and relevance of suspected LPR in DED patients and subjects with refractive problems (RP) without DED, they were defined as non-dry eye group (NEG) in clinical practice.

The relationship between corneal subbasal nerve density and corneal sensitivity in patients with Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the association between alterations in corneal subbasal nerve plexus and tactile corneal sensitivity in patients with Fuchs' endothelial corneal dystrophy (FECD).

Methods: This retrospective, cross-sectional study included 24 (10 M/14 F) patients with FECD and 25 age- and sex-matched (10 M/15 F) healthy subjects as controls. Subjects with FECD were classified as having early (grades 1 and 2) and late (grades 3 and 4) disease.

The effects of systemic aromatase inhibitors on meibomian glands and corneal structure.

Objectives: To evaluate the ocular surface, meibomian glands and corneal structural changes using in vivo confocal microscopy (IVCM) in patients receiving aromatase inhibitor (AI) therapy due to the breast cancer.

Methods: This prospective observational study included 13 patients undergoing AI therapy. The patients were evaluated before the treatment, at 3- and 6-month timepoints of AI therapy.

The treatment of glaucoma using topical preservative-free agents: an evaluation of safety and tolerability.

: Preservative-free (PF) medications represent a valuable treatment strategy in the lifelong management of glaucoma. By removing preservative toxicity, PF formulations provide tangible clinical benefits to glaucoma patients worldwide. They improve tolerability and adherence, leading to a positive impact in long-term intraocular pressure (IOP) control.

The Value of Fortified Aminoglycoside/Cephalosporin Treatment as First-Line Treatment and in Fluoroquinolone-Resistant Bacterial Keratitis.

Objectives: Topical application of fluoroquinolone antibiotics is thought to be as effective as fortified antibiotics. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of fluoroquinolones as an alternative to fortified antibiotic therapies.

Materials And Methods: The medical records of 31 patients who were hospitalized in our department due to bacterial keratitis were retrospectively reviewed.

Current and emerging fixed combination therapies in glaucoma: a safety and tolerability review.

Introduction: Fixed dose combinations (FCs) represent a potentially valuable treatment strategy in glaucoma management. Fixed combinations not only improve adherence by reducing the medication burden, but also decrease the total amount of potentially deleterious preservatives an eye is exposed to.

Areas Covered: We provide a critical review of selected evidence on both the safety and tolerability of presently available and emerging glaucoma FCs.