The effects of pelvic floor muscle therapy on symptoms, voiding, and pelvic floor muscle activity parameters in children with overactive bladder.

Introduction: Refractory overactive bladder (OAB) in children can be treated with second line modalities such as as biofeedback, transcutaneous electrical stimulation (TENS), and botulinum toxin. In this study, we aimed to investigate the efficacy of biofeedback-assisted pelvic floor muscle therapy (PFMT) on symptoms, bladder capacity, uroflowmetry, and pelvic floor muscle activity (PFMA) in children with resistant OAB or dysfunctional voiding (DV) with associated seconder bladder overactivity (DV/SBO).

Materials And Methods: A total of 24 children with resistant OAB were included in the study.

The histopathological effects of intracavernosal mitomycin-C injection in a rat Peyronie's disease model.

Introduction: We aimed to evaluate whether or not mitomycin-C (MMC) has an antifibrotic effect on transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β)-induced Peyronie's disease (PD) in a rat model.

Methods: Eighteen 12-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups: Group 1=TGF-β1 (n=7); Group 2=TGF-β1+MMC (n=7); and Group 3=Sham group (0.25 ml bovine serum albumin injected) (n=4).

Effect of Voided Volume on Voiding Patterns and Reliability of Uroflowmetry-Electromyography Results in Children with Lower Urinary Tract Dysfunction.

Objective: To examine whether voided volume (VV) could change the uroflow patterns and result in children with lower urinary tract dysfunction (LUTD).

Methods: Between January 2009 and May 2010, the children with LUTD were enrolled in this study. Uroflowmetry (UF) combined with electromyography (EMG) was performed two times and was reviewed independently by two urologists.

Congenital anterior urethral diverticulum presenting as a scrotal mass in a two-year-old child.

Here, we describe a case of congenital anterior urethral diverticulum (CAUD) in a two-year-old boy, who presented with right inguinoscrotal swelling that mimicked a spermatic cord cyst or hydrocele. Accurate diagnosis was made intraoperatively by retrograde urethrography. Open diverticulectomy and primary urethroplasty were performed for its management.

Concised Form for Lower Urinary Tract Dysfunction Symptom Scale in Children.

Introduction: Symptom Scales (SS) are questionnaires for evaluating and following up of special illnesses. SS used for the diagnosis and follow-up of Lower Urinary Tract Dysfunction (LUTD) in children is called LUTD Symptom Scale (LUTDSS).

Aim: Aim of the present study was to identify the questions which are more important for the diagnosis of LUTD in children and create a simpler SS.

Prognostic Predictors of Fertility in Young Adult Patients With Varicocele: Peak Retrograde Flow Velocity and Reflux Grade.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine prognostic factors affecting semen parameters in patients with varicocele during the postadolescent period.

Methods: This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board. Between May 2013 and May 2015, we prospectively obtained demographic and sonographic data from postadolescent patients with varicocele.

Biofeedback as a first-line treatment for overactive bladder syndrome refractory to standard urotherapy in children.

Introduction: Overactive bladder syndrome (OAB) and dysfunctional voiding (DV) are subgroups of lower urinary tract dysfunction (LUTD). Standard urotherapy is the first-line treatment option of OAB in children.

Objectives: The aim was to investigate the use of biofeedback as a first-line treatment option in OAB refractory to standard urotherapy, and determine the factors affecting efficacy.

The role of urinary nerve growth factor for the diagnosis and assessment of the biofeedback success in children with dysfunctional voiding.

Introduction: Dysfunctional voiding (DV) occurs in neurologically normal children who are not able to establish brain control on detrusor muscle contractions (DMCs). It is also reported to be the result of incorrect voiding habits during toilet training. Children contract pelvic floor muscles (PFMs) to suppress DMC and DV begins.

A rare case of penis agenesis (Aphallia) with associated multiple urogenital anomalies.

The penis as a component of external genitalia, takes part in fertility, urinary and psychosexual structure of males with its complex character. We report a case of penis agenesis with associated left renal agenesis, left superior segment ureteral agenesis, prostate agenesis, left ureterocele, right vesicoureteral reflux and high urethrorectal communication above the rectal sphincter. The patient refused any surgical intervention because of his religious beliefs.

The biofeedback treatment for non-monosymptomatic enuresis nocturna.

Aims: Enuresis is a child older than 5 years wetting in discrete portions during sleep. It has two subgroups: monosymptomatic enuresis nocturna (MSEN) and non-monosymptomatic enuresis nocturna (NMSEN). In this research, we specifically aimed to examine the effect of biofeedback in NMSEN.

Hyperbaric oxygen treatment for unilateral testicular torsion in a child.

Torsion of the testis is a urological emergency most commonly occurring in adolescent boys. Hyperbaric oxygen treatment (HBOT) has been shown to alleviate reperfusion injury in experimental ischaemia of the testis. We report a 13-year-old boy who had prolonged right testicular ischaemia.

Comparison of the inguinal and scrotal approaches for the treatment of communicating hydrocele in children.

The inguinal approach is used for the treatment of hydrocele in the pediatric population. Although studies on scrotal orchiopexy have mentioned hernia or hydrocele repair through the same scrotal incision as a part of an orchiopexy procedure, there are a few studies reporting the treatment of isolated communicating hydrocele through a scrotal incision. We retrospectively evaluated and compared the outcomes of inguinal and scrotal approaches for the treatment of communicating hydrocele in boys.

Does structured withdrawal of desmopressin improve relapse rates in patients with monosymptomatic enuresis?

Purpose: Relapse after cessation of desmopressin is an important problem in treating patients with enuresis. Structured withdrawal of desmopressin tablets has been shown to decrease relapse rates. However, scientific data are lacking on the structured withdrawal of the fast melting oral formulation of desmopressin.

The impact of simple orchiectomy on semen quality and endocrine parameters in postpubertal cryptorchid men.

Purpose: The main objectives of this retrospective cohort study were to evaluate reproductive endocrine and semen profiles before and after simple orchiectomy in patients with unilateral postpubertal cryptorchidism and to investigate the relationship between hormone levels and histopathology of the removed testis.

Methods: We evaluated 40 adult males who were admitted to our clinic, between 2001 and 2007, with unilateral undescended testis. Right orchiectomy was performed in 27 patients and left orchiectomy in 13.

The histopathologic, pharmacologic and urodynamic results of mesenchymal stem cell's injection into the decompensated rabbit's bladder.

Objectives: We researched the survival of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and the results of MSCs' injected into decompensated bladders in a rabbit model.

Methods: Partial bladder neck obstruction (PBNO) and subsequent decompensation of the bladder was achieved by wrapping the bladder neck with autologous rectus fascia. In the first aspect of the experiment 18 rabbits underwent MSC injection into the decompensated bladder to prove the survivability of injected MSCs.

The effect of intravesical acetylsalicylic acid instillation on tissue prostaglandin levels after partial bladder outlet obstruction in rabbits.

Aims: To examine whether obstruction changes the expression of prostaglandins (PGs) in bladder, intravesical low-dose aspirin could be used as a new route of drug administration, this way of administration influences PGs' expression, and contractile function of the bladder is protected after treatment.

Methods: Eighteen rabbits were divided into three groups. Sham-operated group (group 1) included 6 rabbits.

Testosterone relaxes human internal spermatic vein through potassium channel opening action.

Objectives: To investigate the relation of testosterone-induced relaxation with smooth muscle K+ channels in human internal spermatic veins. Testosterone induces relaxation in human isolated internal spermatic veins, and this effect decreases in high-grade varicocele (recently reported).

Methods: The responses of isolated internal spermatic veins from patients with varicocele were recorded isometrically using a force displacement transducer.

A novel treatment of chronic orchialgia.

We evaluated the effectiveness of pulsed radiofrequency (PRF) denervation of spermatic cord for the treatment of chronic orchialgia. Five patients diagnosed with chronic orchialgia were evaluated with a thorough medical and psychiatric history, physical examination, and scrotal Doppler ultrasound, urinary system x-ray film, and urine analyses. One of the patients had bilateral chronic orchialgia.

Y-type urethral duplication presented with perineal fistula in a boy.

Urethral duplication is a rare congenital anomaly of the lower urinary system and has varied presentation. According to the Effmann classification, type IIA2-Y urethral duplication is characterized by the duplicated urethra originating from the bladder neck and opening into either the rectum or the perineum. The accessory urethra is normal and functional and the normally positioned dorsal urethra is hypoplastic and stenotic in unusual form of Y-type duplication.

Different clinical presentations of pelvic ectopic kidneys: report of two cases and review of the literature.

Pelvic kidney is the most common type of renal ectopia. These abnormally positioned kidneys are often clinically asymptomatic. However, they are prone to urinary infection, stone formation and trauma.

Modified psoas hitch with Lich-Gregoir onlay technique for the reconstruction of lower ureter during gynecologic or obstetric operations.

Aims: We retrospectively review patients who underwent ureteral implantation with a psoas hitch during obstetric or gynecologic operations and describe a new modification.

Methods: Between December 1997 and May 2005, 20 patients between 26 and 56 years underwent ureteral reimplantation by using the nonrefluxing, extravesical Lich-Gregoir onlay technique with psoas hitch at our institution by the same reconstructive surgery team. Additionally, we used a urethral catheter balloon as a landmark for the bladder mucosa and fixed the bladder to the psoas tendon by using the balloon.

Adult posterior urethral valve: a case report.

Introduction: Posterior urethral valve (PUV) is a congenital obstructive defect of the male urethra with an incidence of 1/8,000 to 1/25,000 live births. PUV is the most common cause of lower urinary tract obstruction in neonates. The diagnosis of PUV is usually made early, and PUV cases have rarely been detected in adults.

Management of abnormal postvoid residual urine in children with dysfunctional voiding.

Objectives: To evaluate the effect of biofeedback therapy on the residual urine volume in children with dysfunctional voiding.

Methods: This prospective study was conducted in children with dysfunctional voiding associated with abnormal postvoid residual urine (PVR) from June 2002 to 2007. The children were divided randomly into 2 groups.

Ovotesticular disorder of sex development with a prostatic gland and review of literature.

Ovotesticular disorder of sex development (OTDSD) is a rare condition and defined as the presence of ovarian and testicular tissue in the same individual. Most of patients with OTDSD have female internal genital organs. In this report, we present a case in which, we demonstrated prostate tissue using endoscopic and radiologic methods in a 46-XX, sex determining region of the Y chromosome negative male phenotypic patient, with no female internal genitalia.

Urethral stripping caused by stent removal and its successful treatment with hyperbaric oxygen therapy: a case report.

Urethral stents usually provide initial, dramatic relief from obstructive voiding symptoms. However, complications such as recurrent urinary tract infections, stent migration, encrustation and recurrent urethral strictures are not rare, and stents should be removed when complications occur. Urethral stent removal is associated with potential risks of urethral injury, bleeding and external sphincter trauma.