Discrete Two-Degree-of-Freedom Control for Hemodynamic Optimization: Circulatory Simulation Study with Baroreflex Variability.

The baroreflex mechanism supports hemodynamic stability, but its function is often impaired under conditions such as heart failure. In drug therapy for heart failure, the causal mechanisms determining hemodynamics become more complicated due to combined pharmacological and uncertain baroreflex effects. The purpose of this paper is to propose a cli- nically feasible hemodynamic control system that compensates for individual variability caused by the baroreflex mechanism.

System Design for Optimizing Drug Infusions Using Cardiovascular Space Mapping for Acute Heart Failure.

Acute heart failure is caused by various factors and requires multiple drug therapies to remedy underlying causes. Due to the complexity of pharmacologic effects of cardiovascular agents, few studies have theoretically addressed the multidrug optimization problem. This paper proposes a drug infusion system for acute heart failure that controls cardiovascular performance metrics (cardiac output, left atrial pressure, and mean arterial pressure) within desired ranges as dictated by the cardiovascular parameters (systemic vascular resistance, cardiac contractility, heart rate, and stressed blood volume).

Beside the point: motor adaptation without feedback-based error correction in task-irrelevant conditions.

Adaptation of movement may be driven by the difference between planned and actual motor performance, or the difference between expected and actual sensory consequences of movement. To identify how the nervous system differentially uses these signals, we asked: does motor adaptation occur when movement errors are irrelevant to the task goal? Participants reached on a digitizing tablet from a fixed start location to one of three targets: a point, an arc, or a ray. For the arc, reaches could be in any direction, but to a specific extent.