Pulmonary function after emergence on 100% oxygen in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a randomized, controlled trial.

Background: During emergence from anesthesia, breathing 100% oxygen is frequently used to provide a safety margin toward hypoxemia in case an airway problem occurs. Oxygen breathing has been shown to cause pulmonary gas exchange disorders in healthy individuals. This study investigates how oxygen breathing during emergence affects lung function specifically whether oxygen breathing causes added hypoxemia in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Recombinant angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 suppresses pulmonary vasoconstriction in acute hypoxia.

Objective: Alveolar hypoxia as a result of high altitude leads to increased pulmonary arterial pressure. The renin-angiotensin system is involved in the regulation of pulmonary arterial pressure through angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). It remains unknown whether ACE2 administration alters pulmonary vascular pressure in hypoxia.

Mobile phone-assisted basic life support augmented with a metronome.

Background: Basic life support (BLS) performed by lay rescuers is poor. We developed software for mobile phones augmented with a metronome to improve BLS.

Study Objectives: To assess BLS in lay rescuers with or without software assistance.

Tolerability of inhaled N-chlorotaurine in an acute pig streptococcal lower airway inflammation model.

Background: Inhalation of N-chlorotaurine (NCT), an endogenous new broad spectrum non-antibiotic anti-infective, has been shown to be very well tolerated in the pig model recently. In the present study, inhaled NCT was tested for tolerability and efficacy in the infected bronchopulmonary system using the same model.

Methods: Anesthetized pigs were inoculated with 20 ml of a solution containing approximately 108 CFU/ml Streptococcus pyogenes strain d68 via a duodenal tube placed through the tracheal tube down to the carina.

[Respiratory system at high altitude: pathophysiology and novel therapy options].

This mini-review conveys information on lung function in hypoxia. Included are presentations of shape and layering of the atmosphere, physiologic basics of lung function at high altitude, pathophysiology of high altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE) and of current and potential therapy approaches for HAPE.

A prediction model for out-of-hospital cardiopulmonary resuscitation.

Background: We created a prediction model to be used in cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) attempts as a decision tool to omit futile CPR attempts and to save resources.

Methods: In this post hoc analysis, we assessed predictive parameters for neurological recovery after successful CPR. The original study was designed as a blinded, randomized, prospective, controlled, multicenter clinical trial.