Differential recruitment of CD44 isoforms by ErbB ligands reveals an involvement of CD44 in breast cancer.

Members of the CD44 family of transmembrane glycoproteins control cell signaling pathways from numerous cell surface receptors, including receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs). The decisive factor (ligand, RTKs or both) that controls the recruitment of specific CD44 isoforms is still unknown. We investigated this question by using the EGFR signaling pathway, in which one receptor can be activated by a broad range of ligands.

Subfunctionalization and neofunctionalization of vertebrate Lef/Tcf transcription factors.

Invertebrates express a multitude of Wnt ligands and all Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways converge to only one nuclear Lef/Tcf. In vertebrates, however, four distinct Lef/Tcfs, i.e.