Importance: The Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services designed a mandatory payment model to incentivize home dialysis use: the End-Stage Renal Disease Treatment Choices (ETC). Outpatient dialysis facilities and health care professionals providing nephrology services were randomly assigned to ETC participation at the hospital referral region level.
Objective: To assess the association between ETC and home dialysis use in the incident dialysis population in its first 18 months of implementation.