Osmolarity of basal and reflex tears of normal dogs.

Objective: To compare basal and reflex tear osmolarity in healthy dogs and to evaluate for correlation among tear film osmolarity, tear production, and tear fern pattern.

Animals Studied: The population consisted of 22 healthy adult dogs.

Procedures: Reflex tear osmolarity was measured in both eyes using the I-PEN  VET osmometer 30 minutes following the Schirmer tear test (STT-1) measurement.