Assimilation Results Comparison of Educational Material by Senior Students of a Medical University in Distance and Face-to-Face Form Education.

Despite the fact that many researchers and teachers reported that distance education can be equated with traditional face-to-face form education, the question of analyzing the quality of knowledge gained in distance education is open. This study was conducted on the basis of the Department of Medical Cybernetics and Informatics named after S.A.

Prevention of bronchial fistulas after pneumonectomies for selected cavitary drug resistant lung tuberculosis.

Background: The World Health Organization guidelines for management drug resistant tuberculosis include surgery as an additional method in selected cases. Pneumonectomies have higher risk of morbidity such as bronchial fistulas which may be prevented by bronchial stump covering. We compare two methods of bronchial stump reinforcement.

Evaluation of the specificity of an intradermal test with recombinant tuberculosis allergen in Bacillus Calmette-Guérin-vaccinated healthy volunteers.

Introduction: The tuberculin skin test has significant limitations for use in individuals vaccinated with BCG. The presence in the genome of of the RDI region, which is absent in the genome of Mycobacterium bovis BCG and most non-tuberculous mycobacteria, made it possible to develop new skin tests, which include a skin test with a recombinant tuberculosis allergen [RTA (Diaskintest®, JSC Generium, Russia)]. Diaskintest has shown high diagnostic performance in clinical trials and in conditions of high prevalence of tuberculosis infection.

Genome-Wide Study of Drug Resistant and Its Intra-Host Evolution during Treatment.

The emergence of drug resistant (MTB) strains has become a global public health problem, while, at the same time, there has been development of new antimicrobial agents. The main goals of this study were to determine new variants associated with drug resistance in MTB and to observe which polymorphisms emerge in MTB genomes after anti-tuberculosis treatment. We performed whole-genome sequencing of 152 MTB isolates including 70 isolates as 32 series of pre- and post-treatment MTB.

Evaluation of the Discrimination Ability of the Decision Rule Allowing to Predict the Probability of Death in Oncosurgical Patients with Comorbid Pathology.

At the moment, there are many decision rules and mathematical models that reduce the risk of postoperative mortality and complications. A small part of such medical mathematical models (scales) is successfully used in practice, but there is also a part that eventually remains on the shelves and becomes morally obsolete. The purpose of this work is to evaluate the discrimination ability of the prognostic model underlying the decision rule that allows ranking patients into groups with favorable and unfavorable outcomes and into a group of patients subject to preoperative preparation to maintain the performance of the mathematical model Oncoprognosis 1.

Molecular characteristics of Mycobacterium tuberculosis drug-resistant isolates from HIV- and HIV+ tuberculosis patients in Russia.

Background: High burden of drug-resistant (DR) tuberculosis (TB) is a significant threat to national TB control programs all over the world and in the Russian Federation. Different Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) genotypes are hypothesized to have specific characteristics affecting TB control programs. For example, Beijing strains are supposed to have higher mutation rates compared to strains of other genotypes and subsequently higher capability to develop drug-resistance.

Clinical characteristics of COVID-19 in patients with tuberculosis and factors associated with the disease severity.

Background: Data on patients with COVID-19 who have pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) are limited. In this study, we compared the clinical characteristics of patients with COVID-19/TB and patients with COVID-19 only. In addition, we analyzed the links between the severity of COVID-19 disease and the clinical characteristics of patients with COVID-19/TB.

Differential Dynamics of the Levels of Low Molecular Weight DNA Fragments in the Plasma of Patients With Ischemic and Hemorrhagic Strokes.

Introduction: To evaluate Low-Molecular-weight (LMW) DNA as a possible prognostic biomarker in acute ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke.

Methods: LMW DNA samples were isolated from plasma and cerebrospinal fluid by phenol deproteinization, analyzed by gradient polyacrylamide electrophoresis and quantified by spectrophotometry.

Results: Two common types of stroke, i.

CRISPR-Cas systems for diagnosing infectious diseases.

Infectious diseases are a global health problem affecting billions of people. Developing rapid and sensitive diagnostic tools is key for successful patient management and curbing disease spread. Currently available diagnostics are very specific and sensitive but time-consuming and require expensive laboratory settings and well-trained personnel; thus, they are not available in resource-limited areas, for the purposes of large-scale screenings and in case of outbreaks and epidemics.

Old Rats Are More Susceptible to Induction of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) at Comparative to Young Mature.

Aims: The aim of the experiments was to find out the factors on which age-related sensitivity to the occurrence of BPH depends.

Methods: 45 Male Wistar rats aged 3 and 24 months were used. In each age group, there were intact rats and animals with induced BPH (by surgical castration + testosterone injections, 25 mg/kg x 7).

Factors associated with culture conversion among adults treated for pulmonary extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis during 2018-2019 in the Russian Federation: an observational cohort study.

Treatment outcomes for Multidrug/Rifampicin-Resistant Tuberculosis (MDR/RR-TB) and Extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis (XDR-TB) remain poor across the globe and in the Russian Federation. Treatment of XDR-TB is challenging for programmes and patients often resulting in low success rates and onward transmission of drug-resistant strains. Analysis of factors affecting culture conversion rate among XDR-TB patients may serve as a basis for optimization of treatment regimens.

Impact of GeneXpert MTB/RIF® on treatment initiation and outcomes of RIF-resistant and RIF-susceptible TB patients in Vladimir TB dispensary, Russia.

Background: The main advantage of GeneXpert MTB/RIF® (Xpert) molecular diagnostic technology is the rapid detection of M.tuberculosis DNA and mutations associated with rifampicin (RIF) resistance for timely initiation of appropriate treatment and, consequently, preventing further transmission of the disease. We assessed time to treatment initiation and treatment outcomes of RIF-resistant and RIF-susceptible TB patients diagnosed and treated in Vladimir TB Dispensary, Russia in 2012, before and after implementation of GeneXpert MTB/RIF® diagnostic technology.

Assessment of the Prognostic Accuracy of Scores in Different Ways on the Example of Assessing the Validity of the Prognostic Model ISS-RTS-TRISS.

The aim of the present study was a comparison of prognostic accuracy assessment results for scores in different ways on the example of validity analysis of the prognostic model ISS-RTS-TRISS for assessing the severity of the condition in children with trauma. The prospective study was conducted using clinical and physiological data collected at the admission and during the first 24 hours of hospitalization from 414 children with trauma. We had three groups of patients, common group children with traumatic brain injuries, and two groups of patients were divided into the two following ways: 141 (34%) patients with isolated traumatic brain injuries and 273 (66%) patients with combined injuries with traumatic brain injuries The validity and prognostic accuracy of prognostic scores were assessed by determining there discrimination and calibration ability.

Mapping the tuberculosis scientific landscape among BRICS countries: a bibliometric and network analysis.

Background: The five BRICS (Brazil, Russian, Indian, China, and South Africa) countries bear 49% of the world's tuberculosis (TB) burden and they are committed to ending tuberculosis.

Objectives: The aim of this paper is to map the scientific landscape related to TB research in BRICS countries.

Methods: Were combined bibliometrics and social network analysis techniques to map the scientific publications related to TB produced by the BRICS.

Latent tuberculosis infection in children and adolescents in Russia.

Background: After the breakup of the Soviet Union, the annual incidence of tuberculosis (TB) in children 15-17 years of age increased in the Russian Federation from 16 per 100 000 population in 1992 to 37 per 100 000 in 2009, and new control measures were implemented.

Methods: Children were screened annually for TB exposure with a tuberculin skin test (TST) at age 1-8 years. If positive, they were investigated for active TB.

Iodine Bonded with Milk Protein Inhibits Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia Development in Rats.

Background: There is some evidence that Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) may increase the risk of developing prostate cancer, so conducting research on effective BPH inhibitors is important.

Objective: This research studied the inhibitory effect of Iodized Serum Milk Protein (ISMP) on BPH in rats. ISMP is a concentrate of lactic protein containing 2.

Model of Decision Making Support for a Doctor in the Treatment of an Oncosurgical Patient in a Hospital.

At the present moment, there is no uniform approach to the decision to conduct a planned surgical intervention in case of oncosurgical pathology, with appropriate recommendations in different sources. Consequently, in modern medicine, there is a particular problem of an objective assessment of the patient's physical condition and a risk assessment of an upcoming surgical intervention for developing an individualized tactic of preparation for surgical treatment for each particular patient. The need for introduction of new approaches and technologies, as well as treatment regimens, that allow us to take a fresh look at the possibilities of solving the problems of predicting critical outcomes of planned operations, determined the purpose of our study.

Estimation of the Accuracy of Prognostic Scores for the Treatment of Children with Severe Trauma in a Specialized Trauma Hospital.

The aim of the present work was to study the validity and prognostic accuracy of scores for assessing the severity of the condition in children with severe trauma, located in the Department of Anesthesiology and Resuscitation in the Clinical and Research Institute of Urgent Pediatric Surgery and Trauma. The prospective study was conducted using clinical and physiological data collected at the admission and during the first 24 hours of hospitalization from 474 patients. The validity and prognostic accuracy of prognostic scores were assessed by determining their discrimination and calibration ability.

The Effects of Low-Frequency Noise on Rats: Evidence of Chromosomal Aberrations in the Bone Marrow Cells and the Release of Low-Molecular-Weight DNA in the Blood Plasma.

Objectives: Evaluation of the effect of low-frequency noise (LFN) on the frequency of chromosomal aberrations in the bone marrow cells and on the content of low-molecular-weight DNA (lmwDNA) in the blood plasma of rats.

Materials And Methods: A total of 96 male Wistar rats were exposed to either single (17 min session) or multiple (17 min session repeated five times a week for 13 weeks) LFN, with the maximum range below 250 Hz and the sound pressure levels (SPLs) at 120 and 150 dB, respectively. The rats in the control groups were not subjected to any impact.

Comparative efficacy evaluation of catheter intraperitoneal chemotherapy, normothermic and hyperthermic chemoperfusion in a rat model of ascitic ovarian cancer.

Objectives: The choice of an optimal administration route for intraperitoneal (IP) chemotherapy and a suitable chemotherapeutic regime in the treatment of ovarian cancer remains a controversy. We investigated survival outcomes according to catheter intraperitoneal chemotherapy (CIPC), normothermic and hyperthermic chemoperfusion (NIPEC and HIPEC) with cytostatic drugs dioxadet and cisplatin in rats with transplantable ascitic ovarian cancer.

Methods: Ascitic liquid containing 1 × 10 tumour cells was inoculated to female Wistar rats and 48 hours after rats received dioxadet and cisplatin at the maximum tolerated doses.