Racial Differences in Mental Stress-Induced Transient Endothelial Dysfunction and Its Association With Cardiovascular Outcomes.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate differences in transient endothelial dysfunction (TED) with mental stress in Black and non-Black individuals with coronary heart disease (CHD), and their potential impact on cardiovascular outcomes.

Methods: We examined 812 patients with stable CHD between June 2011 and March 2016 and followed through February 2020 at a university-affiliated hospital network. Flow-mediated vasodilation (FMD) was assessed before and 30 minutes after mental stress.

Impaired Peripheral Microvascular Function and Risk of Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease.

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Relation of High-sensitivity Cardiac Troponin I Elevation With Exercise to Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease.

High sensitive cardiac troponin I (hs-cTnI) increases with inducible myocardial ischemia in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). We aimed to assess if the change in hs-cTnI levels with exercise stress testing is associated with major adverse cardiac events (MACE). A cohort of 365 (age 62 ± 9 years, 77% men) patients with stable CAD underwent 99mTc sestamibi myocardial perfusion imaging with treadmill testing.

Ethnic differences in subclinical vascular function in South Asians, Whites, and African Americans in the United States.

Background: South Asians are a high-risk ethnic group for cardiovascular disease despite having lower levels of conventional cardiovascular risk factors such as obesity and smoking. Ethnic differences in pulse wave reflections, arterial stiffness, and subclinical atherosclerosis as measured using augmentation index (AIX), pulse wave velocity (PWV), and carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) may reflect some of this excess risk.

Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of pooled data from three community-based sources in Atlanta, Georgia, USA.

Race and Gender Differences in the Association Between Experiences of Everyday Discrimination and Arterial Stiffness Among Patients With Coronary Heart Disease.

Background: Self-reported experiences of discrimination have been linked to indices of cardiovascular disease. However, most studies have focused on healthy populations. Thus, we examined the association between experiences of everyday discrimination and arterial stiffness among patients with a history of myocardial infarction (MI).

Association of Transient Endothelial Dysfunction Induced by Mental Stress With Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events in Men and Women With Coronary Artery Disease.

Importance: Acute mental stress can result in transient endothelial dysfunction, but the prognostic relevance of this phenomenon is unknown.

Objective: To determine the association between mental stress-induced impairment in endothelium-dependent relaxation as assessed by brachial artery flow-mediated vasodilation and adverse cardiovascular outcomes among individuals with stable coronary artery disease.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This cohort study was conducted at a university-affiliated hospital network between June 2011 and August 2014.

Hemodynamic, catecholamine, vasomotor and vascular responses: Determinants of myocardial ischemia during mental stress.

Aims: Mental stress-induced myocardial ischemia (MSIMI) in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) is associated with adverse cardiovascular outcomes. We aim to assess hemodynamic, neuro-hormonal, endothelial, vasomotor and vascular predictors of MSIMI.

Methods And Results: We subjected 660 patients with stable CAD to 99mTc sestamibi myocardial perfusion imaging at rest, with mental (speech task) and with conventional (exercise/pharmacological) stress.

Endothelial Dysfunction is Associated with Occult Coronary Artery Disease Detected by Positron Emission Tomography.

Objective: Silent myocardial ischemia is common in asymptomatic subjects without a prior history of coronary artery disease (CAD) and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Our objective was to determine whether endothelial dysfunction is associated with silent myocardial ischemia and whether the association is independent of genetic and familial factors.

Material And Methods: We examined 416 male monozygotic and dizygotic twins aged 47 to 63 years, free of symptomatic CAD.

The differential effect of statins on oxidative stress and endothelial function: atorvastatin versus pravastatin.

Background: Atherogenic risk in subjects with metabolic syndrome is partly mediated by increased oxidative stress and subsequent endothelial dysfunction. Clinical trials have demonstrated differences in outcomes between subjects receiving lipophilic statins (atorvastatin) compared with hydrophilic statins (pravastatin). However, whether these findings are attributable to differences in the doses administered or to nonlipid-lowering pleiotropic effects of statins on oxidative stress and vascular function remains unknown.

Vitamin D status is associated with arterial stiffness and vascular dysfunction in healthy humans.

Objectives: The primary objective of this study was to elucidate mechanisms underlying the link between vitamin D status and cardiovascular disease by exploring the relationship between 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OH D), an established marker of vitamin D status, and vascular function in healthy adults.

Background: Mechanisms underlying vitamin D deficiency-mediated increased risk of cardiovascular disease remain unknown. Vitamin D influences endothelial and smooth muscle cell function, mediates inflammation, and modulates the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone axis.