Verrucomicrobia of the Family Participate in Xylan Degradation in Boreal Peat Soils.

The phylum is one of the main groups of soil prokaryotes, which remains poorly represented by cultivated organisms. The major recognized role of in soils is the degradation of plant-derived organic matter. These bacteria are particularly abundant in peatlands, where xylan-type hemicelluloses represent one of the most actively decomposed peat constituents.

Planctomycetes of the Genus Possess Chitinolytic Capabilities.

Planctomycetes of the genus are common inhabitants of soils and peatlands. Although described members of this genus are characterized as possessing hydrolytic capabilities, the ability to degrade chitin has not yet been reported for these bacteria. In this study, a novel representative, strain Ch08, was isolated from a chitinolytic enrichment culture obtained from a boreal fen in Northern European Russia.

Anatilimnocola floriformis sp. nov., a novel member of the family Pirellulaceae from a boreal lake, and emended description of the genus Anatilimnocola.

Planctomycetes of the family Pirellulaceae are commonly addressed as budding aquatic bacteria with a complex lifestyle. Although this family is well represented by cultured and taxonomically characterized isolates, nearly all of them were obtained from brackish or marine habitats. The examples of described freshwater Pirellulaceae planctomycetes are limited to two species only, Pirellula staley and 'Anatilimnocola aggregata'.

Peat-Inhabiting of the Order Do Not Possess Methanotrophic Capabilities.

Methanotrophic verrucomicrobia of the order are known as extremely acidophilic, thermophilic or mesophilic bacteria that inhabit acidic geothermal ecosystems. The occurrence of verrucomicrobial methanotrophs in other types of acidic environments remains an open question. Notably, -affiliated 16S rRNA gene sequences are commonly retrieved from acidic (pH 3.

Complete genome sequence of the cellulolytic planctomycete Telmatocola sphagniphila SP2 and characterization of the first cellulolytic enzyme from planctomycetes.

Planctomycetes of the family Gemmataceae are strictly aerobic chemo-organotrophs that display a number of hydrolytic capabilities. A member of this family, Telmatocola sphagniphila SP2, is the first described planctomycete with experimentally proven ability for growth on cellulose. In this study, the complete genome sequence of strain SP2 was obtained and the genome-encoded determinants of its cellulolytic potential were analyzed.

Complete Genome Sequence of Paludibaculum fermentans P105, a Facultatively Anaerobic Acidobacterium Capable of Dissimilatory Fe(III) Reduction.

P105 is a facultatively anaerobic heterotroph of the phylum which is capable of dissimilatory Fe(III) reduction. This bacterium is a common inhabitant of wetlands and groundwater bodies. The finished genome of strain P105 is 9.

Wide distribution of Phycisphaera-like planctomycetes from WD2101 soil group in peatlands and genome analysis of the first cultivated representative.

Phycisphaera-like WD2101 'soil group' is one of the as-yet-uncultivated phylogenetic clades within the phylum Planctomycetes. Members of this clade are commonly detected in various terrestrial habitats. This study shows that WD2101 represented one of the major planctomycete groups in 10 boreal peatlands, comprising up to 76% and 36% of all Planctomycetes-affiliated 16S rRNA gene reads in raised bogs and eutrophic fens respectively.

Frigoriglobus tundricola gen. nov., sp. nov., a psychrotolerant cellulolytic planctomycete of the family Gemmataceae from a littoral tundra wetland.

Planctomycetes of the family Gemmataceae are characterized by large genome sizes and cosmopolitan distribution in freshwater and terrestrial environments but their ecological functions remain poorly understood. In this study, we characterized a novel representative of this family, strain PL17, which was isolated from a littoral tundra wetland and was capable of growth on xylan and cellulose. Cells of this isolate were represented by pink-pigmented spheres that multiplied by budding and occurred singly or in short chains and aggregates.

Lacipirellula parvula gen. nov., sp. nov., representing a lineage of planctomycetes widespread in low-oxygen habitats, description of the family Lacipirellulaceae fam. nov. and proposal of the orders Pirellulales ord. nov., Gemmatales ord. nov. and Isosphaerales ord. nov.

Pirellula-like planctomycetes are ubiquitous aquatic bacteria, which are often detected in anoxic or micro-oxic habitats. By contrast, the taxonomically described representatives of these bacteria, with very few exceptions, are strict aerobes. Here, we report the isolation and characterization of the facultatively anaerobic planctomycete, strain PX69, which was isolated from a boreal lake.

gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel freshwater planctomycete with a giant genome from the family .

The family accommodates aerobic, chemoorganotrophic planctomycetes, which inhabit various freshwater ecosystems, wetlands and soils. Here, we describe a novel member of this family, strain PX52, which was isolated from a boreal eutrophic lake in Northern Russia. This isolate formed pink-pigmented colonies and was represented by spherical cells that occurred singly, in pairs or aggregates and multiplied by budding.

100-year-old enigma solved: identification, genomic characterization and biogeography of the yet uncultured Planctomyces bekefii.

The first representative of the phylum Planctomycetes, Planctomyces bekefii, was described nearly one century ago. This morphologically conspicuous freshwater bacterium is a rare example of as-yet-uncultivated prokaryotes with validly published names and unknown identity. We report the results of molecular identification of this elusive bacterium, which was detected in a eutrophic boreal lake in Northern Russia.

Granulicella sibirica sp. nov., a psychrotolerant acidobacterium isolated from an organic soil layer in forested tundra, West Siberia.

An isolate of strictly aerobic, pale-pink pigmented bacteria, strain AF10, was obtained from an organic soil layer in forested tundra, Nadym region, West Siberia. Cells of strain AF10 were Gram-negative, non-motile rods that produced an amorphous extracellular polysaccharide-like substance and formed large cell aggregates in old cultures. These bacteria were chemoorganotrophic, mildly acidophilic and psychrotolerant, and grew between pH 3.

Genome Analysis of Fimbriiglobus ruber SP5, a Planctomycete with Confirmed Chitinolytic Capability.

Members of the bacterial order have often been observed in associations with Crustacea. The ability to degrade chitin, however, has never been reported for any of the cultured planctomycetes although utilization of -acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) as a sole carbon and nitrogen source is well recognized for these bacteria. Here, we demonstrate the chitinolytic capability of a member of the family , SP5, which was isolated from a peat bog.

Distinct diversity patterns of Planctomycetes associated with the freshwater macrophyte Nuphar lutea (L.) Smith.

Members of the phylum Planctomycetes were originally described as freshwater bacteria. Most recent studies, however, address planctomycete diversity in other environments colonized by these microorganisms, including marine and terrestrial ecosystems. This study was initiated in order to revisit the specific patterns of planctomycete diversity in freshwater habitats using cultivation-independent approaches.

Tundrisphaera lichenicola gen. nov., sp. nov., a psychrotolerant representative of the family Isosphaeraceae from lichen-dominated tundra soils.

Two strains of aerobic, budding, pink-pigmented bacteria, P12T and P515, were isolated from a lichen-dominated peatland and a forested tundra soil of north-western Siberia, respectively. Cells of these isolates were represented by non-motile spheres that occurred singly or were arranged in short chains and aggregates. While growing on solid media, cells of strains P12T and P515 attached to the surface by means of holdfast-like appendages.

High Diversity of in Soils of Two Lichen-Dominated Sub-Arctic Ecosystems of Northwestern Siberia.

A wide variety of terrestrial ecosystems in tundra have a ground vegetation cover composed of reindeer lichens (genera and ). The microbial communities of two lichen-dominated ecosystems typical of the sub-arctic zone of northwestern Siberia, that is a forested tundra soil and a shallow acidic peatland, were examined in our study. As revealed by molecular analyses, soil and peat layers just beneath the lichen cover were abundantly colonized by bacteria from the phylum .

Defining the taxonomic status of described subdivision 3 Acidobacteria: proposal of Bryobacteraceae fam. nov.

The phylum Acidobacteria represents one of the highly diverse but poorly characterized phylogenetic groups of the domain Bacteria. The taxonomically described acidobacteria belong to 27 genera and 49 species, which represent subdivisions 1, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10 and 23 of this phylum. However, the corresponding family ranks have been defined only for some of these characterized micro-organisms.

Fimbriiglobus ruber gen. nov., sp. nov., a Gemmata-like planctomycete from Sphagnum peat bog and the proposal of Gemmataceae fam. nov.

An aerobic, budding, dark pink to red-pigmented bacterium was isolated from an acidic boreal Sphagnum peat bog and designated strain SP5T. Cells of this strain were non-motile spheres that were uniformly covered with crateriform pits and fimbria, and tended to form aggregates during growth in liquid media. Strain SP5T was capable of growth between pH 4.

gen. nov., sp. nov., a hydrolytic planctomycete from northern wetlands, and proposal of fam. nov.

Two isolates of aerobic, budding, pink-pigmented bacteria, designated strains PX4 and PT1, were isolated from a boreal peat bog and a forested tundra wetland. Cells of these strains were non-motile spheres that occurred singly or in short chains. Novel isolates were capable of growth at pH values between 3.

Planctomicrobium piriforme gen. nov., sp. nov., a stalked planctomycete from a littoral wetland of a boreal lake.

An aerobic, budding, non-pigmented and rosette-forming bacterium was isolated from a littoral wetland of a boreal lake located in Valaam Island, northern Russia, and designated strain P3(T). Ellipsoidal to pear-shaped cells of this bacterium were covered with crateriform pits and possessed stalks suggesting a planctomycete morphotype. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis confirmed that strain P3(T) was a member of the order Planctomycetales and belonged to a phylogenetic lineage defined by the genus Planctomyces , with 89 and 86% sequence similarity to Planctomyces brasiliensis and Planctomyces maris , respectively.

Paludibaculum fermentans gen. nov., sp. nov., a facultative anaerobe capable of dissimilatory iron reduction from subdivision 3 of the Acidobacteria.

A facultatively anaerobic, non-pigmented, non-spore-forming bacterium was isolated from a littoral wetland of a boreal lake located on Valaam Island, northern Russia, and designated strain P105(T). Cells of this isolate were Gram-negative, non-motile rods coated by S-layers with p2 lattice symmetry. Sugars were the preferred growth substrates.

Descriptions of Roseiarcus fermentans gen. nov., sp. nov., a bacteriochlorophyll a-containing fermentative bacterium related phylogenetically to alphaproteobacterial methanotrophs, and of the family Roseiarcaceae fam. nov.

A light-pink-pigmented, microaerophilic bacterium was obtained from a methanotrophic consortium enriched from acidic Sphagnum peat and designated strain Pf56(T). Cells of this bacterium were Gram-negative, non-motile, thick curved rods that contained a vesicular intracytoplasmic membrane system characteristic of some purple non-sulfur alphaproteobacteria. The absorption spectrum of acetone/methanol extracts of cells grown in the light showed maxima at 363, 475, 505, 601 and 770 nm; the peaks at 363 and 770 nm are characteristic of bacteriochlorophyll a.

Novel mono-, di-, and trimethylornithine membrane lipids in northern wetland planctomycetes.

Northern peatlands represent a significant global carbon store and commonly originate from Sphagnum moss-dominated wetlands. These ombrotrophic ecosystems are rain fed, resulting in nutrient-poor, acidic conditions. Members of the bacterial phylum Planctomycetes are highly abundant and appear to play an important role in the decomposition of Sphagnum-derived litter in these ecosystems.

Methylomonas paludis sp. nov., the first acid-tolerant member of the genus Methylomonas, from an acidic wetland.

An aerobic methanotrophic bacterium was isolated from an acidic (pH 3.9) Sphagnum peat bog in north-eastern Russia and designated strain MG30(T). Cells of this strain were Gram-negative, pale pink-pigmented, non-motile, thick rods that were covered by large polysaccharide capsules and contained an intracytoplasmic membrane system typical of type I methanotrophs.

Methylocystis bryophila sp. nov., a facultatively methanotrophic bacterium from acidic Sphagnum peat, and emended description of the genus Methylocystis (ex Whittenbury et al. 1970) Bowman et al. 1993.

A novel species is proposed for two facultatively methanotrophic representatives of the genus Methylocystis, strains H2s(T) and S284, which were isolated from an acidic (pH 4.3) Sphagnum peat-bog lake (Teufelssee, Germany) and an acidic (pH 3.8) peat bog (European North Russia), respectively.