Extending Complexity to Word-Final Position via Telepractice: Intervention Effects for English-Speaking Children With Speech Sound Disorder.

Purpose: Phonologically complex targets (e.g., [pl-]) are understood to facilitate widespread gains following speech sound intervention, and yet, available research largely features word- clusters.

Knowledge Base Prototype Creating with Using Interdisciplinary Metathesaurus.

This article presents our experience in development an ontological model can be used in clinical decision support systems (CDSS) creating. We have used the largest international biomedical terminological metathesaurus the Unified Medical Language System (UMLS) as the basis of our model. This metathesaurus has been adapted into Russian using an automated hybrid translation system with expert control.

Mechanisms of antiviral action and toxicities of ipecac alkaloids: Emetine and dehydroemetine exhibit anti-coronaviral activities at non-cardiotoxic concentrations.

The emergence of highly infectious pathogens with their potential for triggering global pandemics necessitate the development of effective treatment strategies, including broad-spectrum antiviral therapies to safeguard human health. This study investigates the antiviral activity of emetine, dehydroemetine (DHE), and congeneric compounds against SARS-CoV-2 and HCoV-OC43, and evaluates their impact on the host cell. Concurrently, we assess the potential cardiotoxicity of these ipecac alkaloids.

Assimilation Results Comparison of Educational Material by Senior Students of a Medical University in Distance and Face-to-Face Form Education.

Despite the fact that many researchers and teachers reported that distance education can be equated with traditional face-to-face form education, the question of analyzing the quality of knowledge gained in distance education is open. This study was conducted on the basis of the Department of Medical Cybernetics and Informatics named after S.A.

Understanding (un)grammaticality in context: Evidence from young Spanish-English bilinguals over time.

Purpose: Percent grammatical utterances (PGU) provides clinicians and researchers with meaningful information on young children's grammatical abilities (Eisenberg & Guo, 2016). However, work is still needed to place PGU within the context of conventional language sample measures and understand how PGU reflects grammatical development in bilingual populations. The current study focuses on Spanish-English bilingual preschoolers to examine: 1) change in Spanish and English PGU over one year of preschool English instruction, 2) associations between PGU and other language sample measures within each language and across time, and 3) the types and frequency of error patterns in each language.

Word-final complexity in speech sound intervention: two case studies.

In speech sound intervention, consonant clusters promote generalisation (i.e. improvement in untreated sounds and words), ostensibly due to their relative complexity compared to other phonological targets.

Language dominance predicts cognate effects and metalinguistic awareness in preschool bilinguals.

The current work investigates whether language dominance predicts transfer of skills across cognitive-linguistic levels from the native language (Spanish) to the second language (English) in bilingual preschoolers. Sensitivity to cognates ( in English/Spanish) and metalinguistic awareness (MLA) have both been shown to transfer from the dominant to the nondominant language. Examining these types of transfer together using a continuous measure of language dominance may allow us to better understand the effect of the home language in children learning a majority language in preschool.

Grammatical Characteristics of Vietnamese and English in Developing Bilingual Children.

Purpose Defining parameters for typical development in bilingual children's first and second languages can serve as the basis for accurate language assessment. This is the first study to characterize Vietnamese and English grammatical development in a sample of bilingual children. Method Participants were 89 Vietnamese-English bilingual children, aged 3-8 years.

Spanish-English Bilingual Children's Relative Use of English Tense and Agreement Morphemes.

Best practice for bilingual speakers involves considering performance in each language the client uses. To support this practice for young clients, a comprehensive understanding of how bilingual children develop skills in each language is needed. To that end, the present work investigates relative use of English tense and agreement (T/A) morphemes - a skill frequently considered as part of a complete language assessment - in Spanish-English developing bilingual preschoolers with varying levels of language ability.

Towards understanding the bilingual profile in typical and atypical language development: A tutorial.

: The purpose of this tutorial is to inform assessment, treatment and research approaches that are uniquely tailored to bilingual children with and without developmental language disorder (DLD), a communication disorder characterised by weaknesses in language production and comprehension.: A review is presented on what is known about joint language activation in adult and child bilinguals. This supports a discussion of the bilingual profile, which includes cross-language interactions and associations with broader cognitive functions.

Evaluating English Morpheme Accuracy, Diversity, and Productivity Measures in Language Samples of Developing Bilinguals.

Purpose: This work explores the clinical relevance of three measures of morpheme use for preschool-age Spanish-English bilingual children with varying language skills. The 3 measures reflect accuracy, diversity (the tense marker total), and productivity (the tense and agreement productivity score [TAP score]) of the English tense and agreement system.

Method: Measures were generated from language samples collected at the beginning and end of the participants' preschool year.

Influences of Phonological Context on Tense Marking in Spanish-English Dual Language Learners.

Purpose: The emergence of tense-morpheme marking during language acquisition is highly variable, which confounds the use of tense marking as a diagnostic indicator of language impairment in linguistically diverse populations. In this study, we seek to better understand tense-marking patterns in young bilingual children by comparing phonological influences on marking of 2 word-final tense morphemes.

Method: In spontaneous connected speech samples from 10 Spanish-English dual language learners aged 56-66 months (M = 61.

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes Provide In Vivo Biological Pacemaker Function.

Background: Although multiple approaches have been used to create biological pacemakers in animal models, induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CMs) have not been investigated for this purpose. We now report pacemaker function of iPSC-CMs in a canine model.

Methods And Results: Embryoid bodies were derived from human keratinocytes, their action potential characteristics determined, and their gene expression profiles and markers of differentiation identified.

Cognate identification methods: Impacts on the cognate advantage in adult and child Spanish-English bilinguals.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine whether four different cognate identification methods resulted in notably different classifications of cognate status for test items and to investigate whether differences across criteria would impact findings of cognate effects in adult and preschool-aged Spanish-English bilingual speakers.

Methodology: We compared four cognate identification methods: an objective criterion based on phonological overlap; two subjective criteria based on a translation elicitation task; and a hybrid criterion integrating objective and subjective standards. We then used each criterion to investigate cognate effects on the in 26 adult and 73 child Spanish-English bilinguals.

Autocrine A2 in the T-system of ventricular myocytes creates transmural gradients in ion transport: a mechanism to match contraction with load?

Transmural heterogeneities in Na/K pump current (IP), transient outward K(+)-current (Ito), and Ca(2+)-current (ICaL) play an important role in regulating electrical and contractile activities in the ventricular myocardium. Prior studies indicated angiotensin II (A2) may determine the transmural gradient in Ito, but the effects of A2 on IP and ICaL were unknown. In this study, myocytes were isolated from five muscle layers between epicardium and endocardium.

Caspases and p38 MAPK regulate endothelial cell adhesiveness for mesenchymal stem cells.

Mesenchymal stem cells natively circulating or delivered into the blood stream home to sites of injury. The mechanism of mesenchymal stem cell homing to sites of injury is poorly understood. We have shown that the development of apoptosis in endothelial cells stimulates endothelial cell adhesiveness for mesenchymal stem cells.

Von willebrand factor increases endothelial cell adhesiveness for human mesenchymal stem cells by activating p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase.

Introduction: Delivered systemically or natively circulating mesenchymal stem cells accumulate in injured tissues. During homing mesenchymal stem cells adhere to endothelial cells and infiltrate underlying tissue. Previously we have shown that adhesiveness of endothelial cells for mesenchymal stem cells correlates with the inhibition of mitochondrial function of endothelial cells and secretion of von Willebrand factor.

Increased myocyte content and mechanical function within a tissue-engineered myocardial patch following implantation.

During the past few years, studies involving the implantation of stem cells, chemical factors, and scaffolds have demonstrated the ability to augment the mammalian heart's native regenerative capacity. Scaffolds comprised of extracellular matrix (ECM) have been used to repair myocardial defects. These scaffolds become populated with myocytes and provide regional contractile function, but quantification of the myocyte population has not yet been conducted.

Apoptotic endothelial cells demonstrate increased adhesiveness for human mesenchymal stem cells.

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) participate in the wound healing process in mammalians. Adhesion of MSCs to endothelium is a key step in the homing of MSCs circulating in the bloodstream to the sites of injury and inflammation. Because endothelial cells (ECs) may become apoptotic under certain pro-inflammatory conditions, we investigated the effects of pro-inflammatory, TNF-alpha and IL-1 beta, and pro-apoptotic agents, actinomycin D, cycloheximide, okadaic acid, wortmannin, and staurosporine, on human MSCs (hMSCs) adhesion to ECs.

Enhanced recovery of mechanical function in the canine heart by seeding an extracellular matrix patch with mesenchymal stem cells committed to a cardiac lineage.

The need to regenerate tissue is paramount, especially for the heart that lacks the ability to regenerate after injury. The urinary bladder extracellular matrix (ECM), when used to repair a right ventricular defect, successfully regenerated some mechanical function. The objective of the current study was to determine whether the regenerative effect of ECM could be improved by seeding the patch with human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) enhanced to differentiate down a cardiac linage.

Culturing of human mesenchymal stem cells as three-dimensional aggregates induces functional expression of CXCR4 that regulates adhesion to endothelial cells.

Culture-expanded human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) are increasingly used in a variety of preclinical and clinical studies. However, these cells have a low rate of engraftment to bone marrow or damaged tissues. Several laboratories have shown that during isolation and subculturing mesenchymal stem cells quickly lose the expression of CXCR4, the key receptor responsible for lymphocytes and hematopoietic stem cell homing.

Replacing damaged myocardium.

Heart failure survival after diagnosis has barely changed for more than half a century. Recently, investigation has focused on differentiation of stem cells in vitro and their delivery for use in vivo as replacement cardiac contractile elements. Here we report preliminary results using mesenchymal stem cells partially differentiated to a cardiac lineage in vitro.

Voltage-gated ion channel Kv4.3 is associated with Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factors and regulates angiotensin receptor type 1 signaling to small G-protein Rap.

The voltage-gated potassium channel Kv4.3 was coexpressed with its beta-subunit Kv channel-interacting protein 2 and the angiotensin type 1 receptor in HEK-293 cells. Proteomic analysis of proteins coimmunoprecipitated with Kv4.

Xenografted adult human mesenchymal stem cells provide a platform for sustained biological pacemaker function in canine heart.

Background: Biological pacemaking has been performed with viral vectors, human embryonic stem cells, and adult human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) as delivery systems. Only with human embryonic stem cells are data available regarding stability for >2 to 3 weeks, and here, immunosuppression has been used to facilitate survival of xenografts. The purpose of the present study was to determine whether hMSCs provide stable impulse initiation over 6 weeks without the use of immunosuppression, the "dose" of hMSCs that ensures function over this period, and the catecholamine responsiveness of hMSC-packaged pacemakers.

Finding fluorescent needles in the cardiac haystack: tracking human mesenchymal stem cells labeled with quantum dots for quantitative in vivo three-dimensional fluorescence analysis.

Stem cells show promise for repair of damaged cardiac tissue. Little is known with certainty, however, about the distribution of these cells once introduced in vivo. Previous attempts at tracking delivered stem cells have been hampered by the autofluorescence of host tissue and limitations of existing labeling techniques.