Latiglutenase Protects the Mucosa and Attenuates Symptom Severity in Patients With Celiac Disease Exposed to a Gluten Challenge.

Background & Aims: Gluten ingestion in patients with celiac disease can lead to gastrointestinal symptoms and small intestinal mucosal injury.

Methods: This gluten challenge phase 2 trial was double blind and placebo controlled, and it assessed the efficacy and safety of a 1200-mg dose of IMGX003 in patients with celiac disease exposed to 2 g of gluten per day for 6 weeks. The change in the ratio of villus height to crypt depth was the primary endpoint.

Administration of Human Derived Upper gut Commensal Prevotella histicola delays the onset of type 1 diabetes in NOD mice.

Background: Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease that is increasing in prevalence worldwide. One of the contributing factors to the pathogenesis of T1D is the composition of the intestinal microbiota, as has been demonstrated. in T1D patients, with some studies demonstrating a deficiency in their levels of Prevotella.

Compositional change of gut microbiome and osteocalcin expressing endothelial progenitor cells in patients with coronary artery disease.

Osteogenic endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) contribute to impaired endothelial repair and promote coronary artery disease (CAD) and vascular calcification. Immature EPCs expressing osteocalcin (OCN) has been linked to unstable CAD; however, phenotypic regulation of OCN-expressing EPCs is not understood. We hypothesized that gut-microbiome derived pro-inflammatory substance, trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) might be associated with mobilization of OCN-expressing EPCs.

Human gut-derived commensal suppresses generation of T-cell response to gliadin in humanized mice by modulating gut microbiota.

The human intestinal tract is colonized by a large number of diverse microorganisms that play various important physiologic functions. In inflammatory gut diseases including celiac disease (CeD), a dysbiotic state of microbiome has been observed. Interestingly, this perturbed microbiome is normalized towards eubiosis in patients showing recovery after treatment.

IL-15, gluten and HLA-DQ8 drive tissue destruction in coeliac disease.

Coeliac disease is a complex, polygenic inflammatory enteropathy caused by exposure to dietary gluten that occurs in a subset of genetically susceptible individuals who express either the HLA-DQ8 or HLA-DQ2 haplotypes. The need to develop non-dietary treatments is now widely recognized, but no pathophysiologically relevant gluten- and HLA-dependent preclinical model exists. Furthermore, although studies in humans have led to major advances in our understanding of the pathogenesis of coeliac disease, the respective roles of disease-predisposing HLA molecules, and of adaptive and innate immunity in the development of tissue damage, have not been directly demonstrated.

Coronary artery disease is associated with an altered gut microbiome composition.

Alteration of gut microbiome composition has been linked to cardiovascular diseases. To identify specific bacterial communities associated with coronary artery diseases (CAD), we conducted a case-control study with 53 advanced CAD patients and 53 age-, sex-, race-, and BMI-matched controls. V3-V5 regions of the 16S rDNA from the fecal gut material were analyzed to compare the gut microbiome composition between CAD patients and controls.

Role of the intestinal microbiome in autoimmune diseases and its use in treatments.

The role of the intestinal microbiome in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, and type 1 diabetes is being increasingly appreciated. Many studies have reported that the compositions of the intestinal microbiomes of patients with these autoimmune diseases are different from those of healthy individuals. Analyses of the intestinal microbiome of humans suggest that various factors affect the composition of the intestinal microbiome, including, but not limited to: geographical location, diet, sex, and age.

Microbiome, Immunomodulation, and the Neuronal System.

Vertebrates harbor both symbiotic and pathogenic bacteria on the body and various mucosal surfaces. Of these surfaces, the intestine has the most diverse composition. This composition is dependent upon various environmental and genetic factors, with diet exerting the maximum influence.