Heterogeneity of human fibroblasts isolated from hypertrophic scar.

Pathological wound healing states, such as hypertrophic scarring and keloids, represent a huge clinical and financial burden on healthcare system. The complex biological mechanisms occurring in hypertrophic scarring are still barely understood. To date, there is no satisfactory description of hypertrophic fibroblasts.

Mesenchymal stromal cells derived exosomes as tools for chronic wound healing therapy.

In modern society, the healing of chronic wounds is still a major cause of discomfort for the patients and a financial burden for the care system. Current approaches use either organic tissue-engineered skin substitutes or stem cells based therapy. It has been shown that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are able to improve the wound healing process by secreting factors with anti-inflammatory, anti-fibrotic and pro-angiogenic activities either as soluble molecules (growth factors, cytokines) or encapsulated within membrane vesicles (microparticles, exosomes).