Partial Cone Loss Triggers Synapse-Specific Remodeling and Spatial Receptive Field Rearrangements in a Mature Retinal Circuit.

Resilience of neural circuits has been observed in the persistence of function despite neuronal loss. In vision, acuity and sensitivity can be retained after 50% loss of cones. While neurons in the cortex can remodel after input loss, the contributions of cell-type-specific circuits to resilience are unknown.

Cone Spacing Correlates With Retinal Thickness and Microperimetry in Patients With Inherited Retinal Degenerations.

Purpose: To determine whether high-resolution retinal imaging measures of macular structure correlate with visual function over 36 months in retinal degeneration (RD) patients and normal subjects.

Methods: Twenty-six eyes of 16 RD patients and 16 eyes of 8 normal subjects were studied at baseline; 15 eyes (14 RD) and 11 eyes (6 normal) were studied 36 months later. Adaptive Optics Scanning Laser Ophthalmoscopy (AOSLO) was used to identify regions of interest (ROIs) with unambiguous cones at baseline to measure cone spacing.

STEM CELL THERAPIES, GENE-BASED THERAPIES, OPTOGENETICS, AND RETINAL PROSTHETICS: Current State and Implications for the Future.

Purpose: To review and discuss current innovations and future implications of promising biotechnology and biomedical offerings in the field of retina. We focus on therapies that have already emerged as clinical offerings or are poised to do so.

Methods: Literature review and commentary focusing on stem cell therapies, gene-based therapies, optogenetic therapies, and retinal prosthetic devices.

PHENOTYPIC HETEROGENEITY IN A FAMILY WITH X-LINKED FAMILIAL EXUDATIVE VITREORETINOPATHY WITH PREVENTION OF VISUAL LOSS IN AN AFFECTED MALE CHILD WITH LASER TREATMENT IN INFANCY.

Purpose: To present the scope of prenatal diagnosis and early treatment of patients with clinically heterogeneous phenotypic retinal dysplasia associated with NDP gene variants.

Methods: Retrospective. Review of electronic medical records.

Long-Term Outcomes of Total Exudative Retinal Detachments in Stage 3B Coats Disease.

Purpose: To evaluate the long-term outcomes of treatment of total exudative retinal detachments (ERDs) secondary to Coats disease (stage 3B) and the role of vitrectomy.

Design: Retrospective, observational case series.

Participants: A total of 16 eyes in 16 patients undergoing treatment for total ERDs secondary to Coats disease with at least 5 years of follow-up.

SPECTRAL DOMAIN OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY IMAGING OF THE MACULA AND VITREOMACULAR INTERFACE IN PERSISTENT FETAL VASCULATURE SYNDROME WITH POSTERIOR INVOLVEMENT.

Purpose: To describe the microstructural features of the macula and vitreomacular interface in persistent fetal vasculature syndrome (PFVS) with posterior involvement managed with early vitrectomy or with observation, with functional correlation.

Methods: We retrospectively identified 45 consecutive pediatric patients with PFVS with posterior involvement treated from 2005 to 2016. The eyes that could be imaged with spectral domain optical coherence tomography were included, and images were correlated with best-corrected visual acuity.

Type II cadherins guide assembly of a direction-selective retinal circuit.

Complex retinal circuits process visual information and deliver it to the brain. Few molecular determinants of synaptic specificity in this system are known. Using genetic and optogenetic methods, we identified two types of bipolar interneurons that convey visual input from photoreceptors to a circuit that computes the direction in which objects are moving.

Direction-selective retinal ganglion cells arise from molecularly specified multipotential progenitors.

Single progenitors can give rise to any and all of the main retinal cell types: photoreceptors, interneurons (horizontal, bipolar, and amacrine cells), retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), and glia. Many of these types are divisible into multiple functionally, structurally, and molecularly distinct subtypes (e.g.

Parental comprehension following informed consent for pediatric cataract surgery.

Objective: To investigate the effectiveness of information transfer by the pediatric cataract surgeon to the parents or guardians of children during the informed-consent process.

Design: Prospective observational case series.

Participants: Parents of 31 children undergoing cataract surgery.

Retinal ganglion cells with distinct directional preferences differ in molecular identity, structure, and central projections.

The retina contains ganglion cells (RGCs) that respond selectively to objects moving in particular directions. Individual members of a group of ON-OFF direction-selective RGCs (ooDSGCs) detect stimuli moving in one of four directions: ventral, dorsal, nasal, or temporal. Despite this physiological diversity, little is known about subtype-specific differences in structure, molecular identity, and projections.