Macromolecular Design and Engineering of New Amphiphilic -Vinylpyrrolidone Terpolymers for Biomedical Applications.

New amphiphilic VP-(di)methacrylate terpolymers of different monomer compositions and topologies have been synthesized by radical polymerization in toluene without any growth regulator of polymer chains. Their structures and properties in solid state and water solution were studied by double-detector size-exclusion chromatography; IR-, H, and C NMR-spectroscopy; DLS, TEM, TG, and DSC methods. The composition of the VP-AlkMA-TEGDM monomer mixture has been established to regulate the topology of the resulting macromolecules.

Water Molecules' and Lithium Cations' Mobility in Sulfonated Polystyrene Studied by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance.

The hydration of ions and charge groups controls electro mass transfer through ion exchange systems. The self-diffusion and local mobility of water molecules as well as lithium cations in poly (4-styrenesulfonic acid) and its lithium, sodium and cesium salts were investigated for the first time using pulsed-field gradient NMR (PFG NMR) and NMR relaxation techniques. The temperature dependences of the water molecule and Li cation self-diffusion coefficients exhibited increasing self-diffusion activation energy in temperature regions below 0 °C, which is not due to the freezing of parts of the water.

The Effect of Divinylbenzene on the Structure and Properties of Polyethylene Films with Related Radiation Chemical Grafted Polystyrene and Sulfocationite Membranes.

In the present work, the effect of divinylbenzene (DVB) on the kinetics of post-radiation chemical graft polymerization styrene (St) on polyethylene (PE) film and its structural and morphological features were investigated. It has been found that the dependence of the degree of polystyrene (PS) grafting on the DVB concentration in the solution is extreme. An increase in the rate of graft polymerization at low concentrations of DVB in the solution is associated with a decrease in the mobility of the growing chains of PS.

Water and Molecular Exchange in Biological Cells Studied Using H Pulsed Field Gradient NMR.

This review presents the results of studies of molecular exchange processes in various biological systems (erythrocytes, yeast, liposomes, etc.) performed using pulsed field gradient NMR (PFG NMR). The main theory of processing necessary for the analysis of experimental data is briefly presented: the extraction of self-diffusion coefficients, calculation of cell sizes, and permeability of cell membranes.

Hydration and Mobility of Alkaline Metal Cations in Sulfonic Cation Exchange Membranes.

The interconnection of ionogenic channel structure, cation hydration, water and ionic translational mobility was revealed in Nafion and MSC membranes based on polyethylene and grafted sulfonated polystyrene. A local mobility of Li, Na and Cs cations and water molecules was estimated via the H, Li, Na and Cs spin relaxation technique. The calculated cation and water molecule self-diffusion coefficients were compared with experimental values measured using pulsed field gradient NMR.

Ion and Molecular Transport in Solid Electrolytes Studied by NMR.

NMR is the method of choice for molecular and ionic structures and dynamics investigations. The present review is devoted to solvation and mobilities in solid electrolytes, such as ion-exchange membranes and composite materials, based on cesium acid sulfates and phosphates. The applications of high-resolution NMR, solid-state NMR, NMR relaxation, and pulsed field gradient H, Li, C, F, Na, P, and Cs NMR techniques are discussed.

Polymer Electrolytes for Lithium-Ion Batteries Studied by NMR Techniques.

This review is devoted to different types of novel polymer electrolytes for lithium power sources developed during the last decade. In the first part, the compositions and conductivity of various polymer electrolytes are considered. The second part contains NMR applications to the ion transport mechanism.

Molecular and Ionic Diffusion in Ion Exchange Membranes and Biological Systems (Cells and Proteins) Studied by NMR.

The results of NMR, and especially pulsed field gradient NMR (PFG NMR) investigations, are summarized. Pulsed field gradient NMR technique makes it possible to investigate directly the partial self-diffusion processes in spatial scales from tenth micron to millimeters. Modern NMR spectrometer diffusive units enable to measure self-diffusion coefficients from 10 m/s to 10 m/s in different materials on H, H, Li, C, F, Na, P, Cs nuclei.