Grapevine varieties show different sensitivities to flavonoid alterations caused by high temperatures under two irrigation conditions.

This study aimed to assess the response of four red grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) varieties to elevated temperature, drought and their combination, focusing on the concentration and profile of grape flavonoids. Fruit-bearing cuttings of Tempranillo, Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot and Grenache grew in greenhouses under, either ambient temperature (T) or ambient temperature + 4 °C (T+4).

4R-Tau seeding activity unravels molecular subtypes in patients with Progressive Supranuclear Palsy.

Progressive Supranuclear palsy (PSP) is a 4-repeat (4-R) tauopathy. We hypothesized that the molecular diversity of tau could explain the heterogeneity seen in PSP disease progression. To test this hypothesis, we performed an extensive biochemical characterisation of the high molecular weight tau species (HMW-Tau) in 20 different brain regions of 25 PSP patients.

Prospecting the Resilience of Several Spanish Ancient Varieties of Red Grape under Climate Change Scenarios.

Background: Climate change results in warmer air temperatures and an uncertain amount and distribution of annual precipitations, which will directly impact rainfed crops, such as the grapevine. Traditionally, ancient autochthones grapevine varieties have been substituted by modern ones with higher productivity. However, this homogenization of genotypes reduces the genetic diversity of vineyards which could make their ability to adapt to challenges imposed by future climate conditions difficult.

Is Tempranillo Blanco Grapevine Different from Tempranillo Tinto Only in the Color of the Grapes? An Updated Review.

Tempranillo Blanco is a somatic variant of Tempranillo Tinto that appeared as a natural, spontaneous mutation in 1988 in a single shoot of a single plant in an old vineyard. It was vegetatively propagated, and currently wines from Tempranillo Blanco are commercially available. The mutation that originated Tempranillo Blanco comprised single-nucleotide variations, chromosomal deletions, and reorganizations, losing hundreds of genes and putatively affecting the functioning and regulation of many others.

Grape berry transpiration influences ripening and must composition in cv. Tempranillo (Vitis vinifera L.).

The implications of grape berry transpiration for the ripening process and final grape composition were studied. An experiment was conducted, under controlled conditions, with fruit-bearing cuttings of Vitis vinifera L. cv.

Pericyte Mapping in Cerebral Slices with the Far-red Fluorophore TO-PRO-3.

This protocol describes a method for high-resolution confocal imaging of pericytes with the far-red fluorophore TO-PRO-3 Iodide 642/661 in cerebral slices of murine. Identification of pericytes with TO-PRO-3 is a short time-consuming, high cost-effective and robust technique to label pericytes with no need for immunostaining or generation of reporter mice. Since the TO-PRO-3 stain resists immunofluorescence, and lacks spectral overlap, the probe is well suited for multiple labelling.

Assessment of Nutritional and Quality Properties of Leaves and Musts in Three Local Spanish Grapevine Varieties Undergoing Controlled Climate Change Scenarios.

The market demand together with the need for alternatives to withstand climate change led to the recovery of autochthonous grapevine varieties. Under climate change, the summer pruning of vineyards may lead to an increase of vegetative residuals of nutritional and medicinal interest. The objectives of our study were (1) to evaluate the nutritional properties of the leaves of three local Spanish grapevines (Tinto Velasco, TV, Pasera, PAS, and Ambrosina, AMB) when grown under climate change conditions, and (2) to test the potentiality of these grapevines as suitable candidates to be cultivated under climate change scenarios based on the quality of their must.

Impact of 2100-Projected Air Temperature, Carbon Dioxide, and Water Scarcity on Grape Primary and Secondary Metabolites of Different cv. Tempranillo Clones.

The exploration of the grapevine ( L.) intra-varietal diversity can be an interesting approach for the adaptation of viticulture to climate change. We evaluated the response of four Tempranillo clones to simulated year-2100-expected air temperature, CO, and relative humidity (RH) conditions: climate change (CC; 28 °C/18 °C, 700 μmol mol CO, and 35%/53% RH) current situation conditions (CS; 24 °C/14 °C, 400 μmol mol CO, and 45%/63% RH), under two irrigation regimes, "well-watered" (WW) "water deficit" (WD).

Future CO , warming and water deficit impact white and red Tempranillo grapevine: Photosynthetic acclimation to elevated CO and biomass allocation.

Due to the CO greenhouse effect, elevated atmospheric concentration leads to higher temperatures, accompanied by episodes of less water availability in semiarid and arid areas or drought periods. Studies investigating these three factors (CO , temperature and water availability) simultaneously in grapevine are scarce. The present work aims to analyze the combined effects of high CO (700 ppm), high temperature (ambient +4°C) and drought on the photosynthetic activity, biomass allocation, leaf non-structural carbon composition, and carbon/nitrogen (C/N) ratio in grapevine.

Short-Term Exposure to High Atmospheric Vapor Pressure Deficit (VPD) Severely Impacts Durum Wheat Carbon and Nitrogen Metabolism in the Absence of Edaphic Water Stress.

Low atmospheric relative humidity (RH) accompanied by elevated air temperature and decreased precipitation are environmental challenges that wheat production will face in future decades. These changes to the atmosphere are causing increases in air vapor pressure deficit (VPD) and low soil water availability during certain periods of the wheat-growing season. The main objective of this study was to analyze the physiological, metabolic, and transcriptional response of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) metabolism of wheat ( cv.

The Exploitation of Local L. Biodiversity as a Valuable Tool to Cope with Climate Change Maintaining Berry Quality.

(1) Background: The associated increase in global mean surface temperature together with raised atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO) concentration is exerting a profound influence on grapevine development (phenology) and grape quality. The exploitation of the local genetic diversity based on the recovery of ancient varieties has been proposed as an interesting option to cope with climate change and maintaining grape quality. Therefore, this research aimed to characterize the potential fruit quality of genotypes from seven local old grapevine varieties grown under climate change conditions.

High Temperature and Elevated Carbon Dioxide Modify Berry Composition of Different Clones of Grapevine ( L.) cv. Tempranillo.

Tempranillo is a grapevine ( L.) variety extensively used for world wine production which is expected to be affected by environmental parameters modified by ongoing global climate changes, i.e.

Growth performance and carbon partitioning of grapevine Tempranillo clones under simulated climate change scenarios: Elevated CO and temperature.

Atmospheric CO levels and global temperatures are expected to rise in the next decades, and viticulture must face these changes. Within this context, exploiting the intra-varietal diversity of grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) can be a useful tool for the adaptation of this crop to climate change.

Interactional Effects of Climate Change Factors on the Water Status, Photosynthetic Rate, and Metabolic Regulation in Peach.

Environmental stress factors caused by climate change affect plant growth and crop production, and pose a growing threat to sustainable agriculture, especially for tree crops. In this context, we sought to investigate the responses to climate change of two rootstocks (GF677 and Adesoto) budded with Catherina peach cultivar. Plants were grown in 15 L pots in temperature gradient greenhouses for an 18 days acclimation period after which six treatments were applied: [CO levels (400 versus 700 µmol mol), temperature (ambient versus ambient + 4°C), and water availability (well irrigated versus drought)].

Metabolic Effects of Elevated CO on Wheat Grain Development and Composition.

The increase in the atmospheric CO concentration is predicted to influence wheat production and grain quality and nutritional properties. In the present study, durum wheat ( Desf. cv.

Is vegetative area, photosynthesis, or grape C uploading involved in the climate change-related grape sugar/anthocyanin decoupling in Tempranillo?

Foreseen climate change is expected to impact on grape composition, both sugar and pigment content. We tested the hypothesis that interactions between main factors associated with climate change (elevated CO, elevated temperature, and water deficit) decouple sugars and anthocyanins, and explored the possible involvement of vegetative area, photosynthesis, and grape C uploading on the decoupling. Tempranillo grapevine fruit-bearing cuttings were exposed to CO (700 vs.

Eco-physiological response of Hypnum cupressiforme Hedw. to increased atmospheric ammonia concentrations in a forest agrosystem.

Ammonia (NH) emissions are linked to eutrophication, plant toxicity and ecosystem shifts from N to P limitation. Bryophytes are key components of terrestrial ecosystems, yet highly sensitive to N deposition. Hence, physiological responses of mosses may be indicative of NH-related impacts, and thus useful to foresee future ecosystem damages and establish atmospheric Critical Levels (CLEs).

Tempranillo clones differ in the response of berry sugar and anthocyanin accumulation to elevated temperature.

The intra-varietal genetic diversity of grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) may be exploited to maintain grape quality under future warm conditions, which may alter grape berry development and composition. The present study assesses the effects of elevated temperature on the development of berry, grape composition and anthocyanins:sugars ratio of thirteen clones of V.

[An unintended diagnosis: Serotonergic toxicity secondary to drug interactions. Case reports].

Serotonin toxicity is a potentially life-threatening condition associated with increased serotonergic activity in the central nervous system. It is seen with therapeutic medication use, intentional self-poisoning and inadvertent interactions (SSRI-isoniazid). Although this pathology is increasingly common, it is not well recognized by physicians and manifestations may be wrongly attributed to another cause.

Precise localization of metal nanoparticles in dendrimer nanosnakes or inner periphery and consequences in catalysis.

Understanding the relationship between the location of nanoparticles (NPs) in an organic matrix and their catalytic performances is essential for catalyst design. Here we show that catalytic activities of Au, Ag and CuNPs stabilized by dendrimers using coordination to intradendritic triazoles, galvanic replacement or stabilization outside dendrimers strongly depends on their location. AgNPs are found at the inner click dendrimer periphery, whereas CuNPs and AuNPs are encapsulated in click dendrimer nanosnakes.

Liquid-Liquid Interfacial Electron Transfer from Ferrocene to Gold(III): An Ultrasimple and Ultrafast Gold Nanoparticle Synthesis in Water under Ambient Conditions.

Ferrocene (Fc) in ether reduces HAuCl4 in water within seconds under ambient conditions in air upon stirring, forming ferricinium chloride stabilized water-soluble 20 nm gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) that are redispersible in the presence of poly(N-vinylmethylpyrrolidone) or NaBH4 + thiol. After reduction with NaBH4 yielding Fc and 26 nm sodium poly(hydroxyborate) stabilized AuNPs, the core size no longer changes following reactions with thiols providing (RS)nAuNPs.

Impact of thermal annealing on wettability and antifouling characteristics of alginate poly-l-lysine polyelectrolyte multilayer films.

Polyelectrolyte multilayers (PEMs) of poly-l-lysine (PLL) and alginic acid sodium salt (Alg) are fabricated applying the layer by layer technique and annealed at a constant temperature; 37, 50 and 80°C, for 72h. Atomic force microscopy reveals changes in the topography of the PEM, which is changing from a fibrillar to a smooth surface. Advancing contact angle in water varies from 36° before annealing to 93°, 77° and 95° after annealing at 37, 50 and 80°C, respectively.

Highly Efficient Transition Metal Nanoparticle Catalysts in Aqueous Solutions.

A ligand design is proposed for transition metal nanoparticle (TMNP) catalysts in aqueous solution. Thus, a tris(triazolyl)-polyethylene glycol (tris-trz-PEG) amphiphilic ligand, 2, is used for the synthesis of very small TMNPs with Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Ru, Pd, Ag, Pt, and Au. These TMNP-2 catalysts were evaluated and compared for the model 4-nitrophenol reduction, and proved to be extremely efficient.

Fabrication of hybrid graphene oxide/polyelectrolyte capsules by means of layer-by-layer assembly on erythrocyte cell templates.

A novel and facile method was developed to produce hybrid graphene oxide (GO)-polyelectrolyte (PE) capsules using erythrocyte cells as templates. The capsules are easily produced through the layer-by-layer technique using alternating polyelectrolyte layers and GO sheets. The amount of GO and therefore its coverage in the resulting capsules can be tuned by adjusting the concentration of the GO dispersion during the assembly.