Duodenal mucosa of untreated celiac disease patients has altered expression of the GAS6 and PROS1 and the negative regulator tyrosine kinase TAM receptors subfamily.

Celiac disease (CD) is an immune-driven disease characterized by tissue damage in the small intestine of genetically-susceptible individuals. We evaluated here a crucial immune regulatory pathway involving TYRO3, AXL, and MERTK (TAM) receptors and their ligands PROS1 and GAS6 in duodenal biopsies of controls and CD patients. We found increased GAS6 expression associated with downregulation of PROS1 and variable TAM receptors levels in duodenum tissue of CD patients.

Coexistence of apoptosis, pyroptosis, and necroptosis pathways in celiac disease.

Usually, the massive elimination of cells under steady-state conditions occurs by apoptosis, which is also acknowledged to explain the loss of enterocytes in the small intestine of celiac disease (CD) patients. However, little is known about the role of proinflammatory cell death pathways in CD. Here, we have used confocal microscopy, western blot, and RT-qPCR analysis to assess the presence of regulated cell death pathways in the duodenum of CD patients.

IL-1β blockade prevents cell death and mucosal damage of the small intestine in a model of sterile inflammation.

The intestinal mucosa is covered by a layer of epithelial cells that is constantly challenged by commensal, opportunistic, and pathogenic microorganisms, their components, and harmful compounds. Any inflammatory response to these materials must be tightly controlled to limit tissue damage and restore the integrity of the mucosal barrier. We have shown previously that production of IL-1β via activation of the inflammasome can lead to mucosal damage in the small intestinal pathology that occurs after intragastric administration of a gluten derived peptide, p31-43.

Differential effects of the second SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine dose on T cell immunity in naive and COVID-19 recovered individuals.

The rapid development of mRNA-based vaccines against the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) led to the design of accelerated vaccination schedules that have been extremely effective in naive individuals. While a two-dose immunization regimen with the BNT162b2 vaccine has been demonstrated to provide a 95% efficacy in naive individuals, the effects of the second vaccine dose in individuals who have previously recovered from natural SARS-CoV-2 infection has not been investigated in detail. In this study, we characterize SARS-CoV-2 spike-specific humoral and cellular immunity in naive and previously infected individuals during and after two doses of BNT162b2 vaccination.

3D Modeling of Blood Flow in Simulated Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm.

Background: Besides biological factors, abdominal aortic aneurysm rupture is also caused by mechanical parameters, which are constantly affecting the wall's tissue due to their abnormal values. The ability to evaluate these parameters could vastly improve the clinical treatment of patients with abdominal aortic aneurysms. The objective of this study was to develop and demonstrate a methodology to analyze the fluid dynamics that cause the wall stress distribution in abdominal aortic aneurysms, using accurate 3D geometry and a realistic, nonlinear, elastic biomechanical model using a computer-aided software.

Atypical Sympathetic Ophthalmia Presenting with Ocular Pain Associated with Posterior Scleral Involvement.

Purpose: To describe an atypical case of sympathetic ophthalmia. Design: Case report.

Results: A 37 -year-old female presented a 3-day long acute left retroocular pain and photophobia, 1 month after having undergone evisceration of the fellow eye.

Inclusion of Alcoholic Associations Into a Public Treatment Programme for Alcoholism Improves Outcomes During the Treatment and Continuing Care Period: A 6-Year Experience.

Aims: To investigate whether inclusion of self-help groups into the hospital treatment programme improves the prognosis of alcohol dependence through the treatment period; and to examine therapeutic adherence and prognosis during continuing care.

Method: Patients attending the treatment programme at the 'Hospital 12 de Octubre' were randomized into two groups. In Group A (n = 123), patients received the usual treatment included in our programme, whereas in Group B (n = 126), patients also attended self-help groups.

Perioperative hemoglobin area under the curve is an independent predictor of renal failure after cardiac surgery. Results from a Spanish multicenter retrospective cohort study.

Perioperative anemia is an important risk factor for cardiac surgery-associated acute kidney injury (CSA-AKI). Nonetheless, the severity of the anemia and the time in the perioperative period in which the hemoglobin level should be considered as a risk factor is conflicting. The present study introduces the concept of perioperative hemoglobin area under the curve (pHb-AUC) as a surrogate marker of the evolution of perioperative hemoglobin concentration.

External validation of predictive models for acute kidney injury following cardiac surgery: A prospective multicentre cohort study.

Background: Four predictive models for acute kidney injury associated with cardiac surgery were developed by Demirjian in the United States in 2012. However, the usefulness of these models in clinical practice needs to be established in different populations independent of that used to develop the models.

Objectives: Our aim was to evaluate the predictive performance of these models in a Spanish population.

Genetic analysis of environmental strains of the plant pathogen Phytophthora capsici reveals heterogeneous repertoire of effectors and possible effector evolution via genomic island.

Phytophthora capsici is a virulent oomycete pathogen of many vegetable crops. Recently, it has been demonstrated that the recognition of the RXLR effector AVR3a1 of P. capsici (PcAVR3a1) triggers a hypersensitive response and plays a critical role in mediating non-host resistance.

Incidence and clearance of anal high-risk human papillomavirus in HIV-positive men who have sex with men: estimates and risk factors.

Background: To estimate incidence and clearance of high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV), and their risk factors, in men who have sex with men (MSM) recently infected by HIV in Spain; 2007-2013.

Methods: Multicenter cohort. HR-HPV infection was determined and genotyped with linear array.

First Report of Foliar Infection of Cabbage by Phytophthora drechsleri in Argentina.

Cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata L.) is a popular crop grown along the northeast horticultural belt of Buenos Aires Province, Argentina.

[Outpatient psychiatric care in the immigrant population of Segovia (2001-2008): descriptive study].

Introduction: Immigration is a phenomenon with a significant impact on mental health. The aims of this study were to describe health care characteristics, time trends, differences among Immigrant, and diagnoses associated with new outpatient psychiatric consultation Immigrant in Segovia.

Methods: A descriptive study of new consultations with sociodemographic, health care and clinical variables computerized records from the «Antonio Machado» Mental Health Center for 2001-2002 and 2008 comparing immigrant and Spanish population.

Early and late troponin T determination after elective cardiac surgery. Two different meanings.

Aim: Although Troponins are demonstrated to be better predictors than CK-MB in quantification of myocardial damage, the relation between cut-off values for the diagnosis of perioperative myocardial infarction (PMI) and sample time is still not clear. In the present study we sought to analyse the clinical consequence of an early and late cTnt determinations after elective cardiac surgery.

Material Of Study: Data of 117 patients undergone elective open heart surgery between January 2006 and June 2007 were prospectively collected.

Validation and psychometric properties of the State Impulsivity Scale (SIS).

Introduction: Impulsivity is a complex phenomenon that can be evaluated from a trait or state perspective. Impulsive trait is a predisposition relatively stable over time, but not always perceptible by behavior. However, the impulsivity state covers transient variations on impulsivity levels that are dependent on environmental or biologic conditions.

Use of cocaine by heavy drinkers increases vulnerability to developing alcohol dependence: a 4-year follow-up study.

Objective: The development of alcohol dependence is associated with specific individual personality traits and previous consumption of other drugs of abuse. However, there is little information on these risk factors in heavy drinkers before and after they meet the criteria for alcohol dependence. This study examined the influence of cocaine use and the role of impulsivity in the development of DSM-IV alcohol dependence in nondependent drinkers in a 4-year follow-up study.

Varieties of impulsivity in males with alcohol dependence: the role of Cluster-B personality disorder.

Background/rationale: Impulsivity has been associated with alcohol dependence, but impulsivity in alcohol-dependent subjects with a Cluster-B personality disorder (PD) has not been well characterized. Using a variety of laboratory measures of impulsivity, we assessed whether alcohol-dependent patients (ADP) with borderline personality disorder (BPD) exhibited the same pattern of behavioral impulsivity than ADP with antisocial personality disorder (AntPD). Also, differences between ADP without PDs and healthy controls were assessed.

[Preoperative diagnostic imaging in stump appendicitis].

Stump appendicitis is a rare condition in which the diagnosis is often delayed and is eventually reached during exploratory surgery. Knowledge of stump appendicitis makes it possible to reach the diagnosis using imaging techniques and thereby reduce the morbidity of this condition. We present the case of a patient with appendicitis of the appendicular stump that was diagnosed prior to surgery using plain-film radiography and abdominal CT.

[Heart transplant].

A heart transplant is at present considered the treatment of choice in cases of terminal cardiac insufficiency refractory to medical or surgical treatment. Due to factors such as the greater life expectancy of the population and the more efficient management of acute coronary syndromes, there is an increasing number of people who suffer from heart failure. It is estimated that the prevalence of the disease in developed countries is around 1%; of this figure, some 10% are in an advanced stage and are thus potential receptors of a heart transplant.

[Tracheoesophageal fistula in an intubated patient. Treatment through exclusion and esophageal patch].

Currently, acquired benign tracheoesophageal fistulas are mainly iatrogenic lesions produced by prolonged tracheal intubation. Their occurrence in intubated patients is infrequent but devastating and their therapeutic resolution is highly complex. We present the case of a patient with an extensive tracheoesophageal fistula following tracheal intubation that was surgically treated through esophageal exclusion (cervical esophagostomy and suture-stapling of the distal esophagus) and closure of the tracheal defect using the posterior esophageal wall.

[Jaundice and chronic pancreatitis: common bile duct compression by pancreatic pseudocyst].

In chronic pancreatitis, obstructive jaundice solely due to common bile duct compression by a pancreatic pseudocyst is highly unusual. In most of these cases, the jaundice is due to fibrotic stricture of the intrapancreatic portion of the common bile duct. We report two cases of obstructive jaundice in chronic pancreatitis with pseudocyst.

Total arsenic content of nine species of Antarctic macro algae as determined by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry.

Total arsenic in nine species Antarctic macro algae has been measured, by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry using a Pd/Mg(NO3)2 matrix modifier, to determine their capacity to accumulate the element. Macro algae were collected in February during the 2000 austral summer season at Jubany Station (Argentinean scientific station) around Potter Cove, King George Island. An optimized two-step microwave (MW) program was used to digest the samples.