Spanish Version of the Whiplash Disability Questionnaire in Adults With Acute Whiplash-Associated Disorders.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to develop and validate a Spanish version of the Whiplash Disability Questionnaire (WDQ) for the Spanish population with acute whiplash-associated disorder (WAD).

Methods: This was a cross-sectional questionnaire validation study. Adults with acute WAD (grade I to III) were enrolled within 3 weeks of their injury.

Deficient Inhibitory Endogenous Pain Modulation Correlates With Periaqueductal Gray Matter Metabolites During Chronic Whiplash Injury.

Objectives: This study examined predictive correlations between periaqueductal gray (PAG) and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) metabolite levels with deficient inhibitory endogenous pain modulation (EPM), including sensory and affective measures of pain during chronic whiplash injury (WHI).

Materials And Methods: Healthy patients, and participants with chronic WHI, without (WHI-noP) or with pain (WHI-P), were screened with the Douleur Neuropathique 4 tool (DN4). EPM was assessed with C6 tonic heat pain stimuli with a Conditioned Pain Modulation (CPM) protocol.

Soleus H-reflex modulation following transcutaneous high- and low-frequency spinal stimulation in healthy volunteers.

The main aim of this work was to investigate the difference in the excitability of the soleus H-reflex in healthy volunteers following spinal transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) and high-frequency alternating current (HFAC) at a frequency of 10 kHz applied at the lower thoracic spinal level (T10-T12). A double-blind, randomized, crossover, controlled clinical trial was designed. Participants received three randomized interventions (TENS, 10 kHz, and sham stimulation) during 40 min.

Afferent stimulation inhibits abnormal cutaneous reflex activity in patients with spinal cord injury spasticity syndrome.

Background: Tibialis Anterior (TA) cutaneous reflex (CR) activity evoked following cutaneous stimulation of the plantar (Pl) surface (Pl-TA CR) has demonstrated hyperreflexia and damage of inhibitory mechanisms in subjects with spinal cord injury (SCI) and spasticity.

Objectives: To modulate Pl-TA CR and Soleus H-reflex activity with transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) and vibratory stimulation of the plantar pad during rest and controlled isometric plantarflexion.

Methods: Non-injured subjects (n = 11) and individuals with incomplete SCI with (n = 14) and without spasticity (n = 14) were recruited.

Assessing sensorimotor excitability after spinal cord injury: a reflex testing method based on cycling with afferent stimulation.

Unlabelled: Several studies have examined spinal reflex modulation during leg cycling in healthy and spinal cord injury (SCI) subjects. However, the effect of cutaneous plantar afferent input on spinal excitability during leg cycling after SCI has not been characterised. The aim of the study was to test the feasibility of using controlled leg cycling in combination with plantar cutaneous electrical stimulation (ES) cycling to assess lower limb spinal sensorimotor excitability in subjects with motor complete or incomplete SCI.

Treatment with albumin-hydroxyoleic acid complex restores sensorimotor function in rats with spinal cord injury: Efficacy and gene expression regulation.

Sensorimotor dysfunction following incomplete spinal cord injury (SCI) is often characterized by paralysis, spasticity and pain. Previously, we showed that intrathecal (i.t.

Longitudinal estimation of intramuscular Tibialis Anterior coherence during subacute spinal cord injury: relationship with neurophysiological, functional and clinical outcome measures.

Background: Estimation of surface intramuscular coherence has been used to indirectly assess pyramidal tract activity following spinal cord injury (SCI), especially within the 15-30 Hz bandwidth. However, change in higher frequency (>40 Hz) muscle coherence during SCI has not been characterised. Thus, the objective of this study was to identify change of high and low frequency intramuscular Tibialis Anterior (TA) coherence during incomplete subacute SCI.

The role of Omega-3 and Omega-9 fatty acids for the treatment of neuropathic pain after neurotrauma.

Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), such as docosaexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), mediate neuroactive effects in experimental models of traumatic peripheral nerve and spinal cord injury. Cellular mechanisms of PUFAs include reduced neuroinflammation and oxidative stress, enhanced neurotrophic support, and activation of cell survival pathways. Bioactive Omega-9 monounsaturated fatty acids, such as oleic acid (OA) and 2-hydroxy oleic acid (2-OHOA), also show therapeutic effects in neurotrauma models.

Maintenance of cutaneomuscular neuronal excitability after leg-cycling predicts lower limb muscle strength after incomplete spinal cord injury.

Objective: Controlled leg-cycling modulates H-reflex activity after spinal cord injury (SCI). Preserved cutaneomuscular reflex activity is also essential for recovery of residual motor function after SCI. Here the effect of a single leg-cycling session was assessed on cutaneomuscular-conditioned H-reflex excitability in relation to residual lower limb muscle function after incomplete SCI (iSCI).

Early treatment with UR13870, a novel inhibitor of p38α mitogenous activated protein kinase, prevents hyperreflexia and anxiety behaviors, in the spared nerve injury model of neuropathic pain.

Microglia cell activation plays a role in the development of neuropathic pain partly due to the activation of the p38α MAPK signaling pathway after nerve injury. In this study we assessed the effect of UR13870, a p38α MAPK inhibitor, in the "spared nerve injury" (SNI) model, to study its effects on modulation of spinal microglial activation and to test behavioral hyperreflexia responses and cerebral-mediated pain behavior. The effect of daily administration of UR13870 (10mg/kg p.

Oral administration of the p38α MAPK inhibitor, UR13870, inhibits affective pain behavior after spinal cord injury.

The p38α mitogenous activated protein kinase (MAPK) cell signaling pathway is a key mechanism of microglia activation and has been studied as a target for neuropathic pain. The effect of UR13870, a p38α MAPK inhibitor, on microglia expression in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and spinal dorsal horn was addressed after T9 contusion spinal cord injury (SCI) in the rat, in addition to behavioral testing of pain-related aversion and anxiety. Administration of intravenous UR13870 (1mg/kg i.

Spinal cord injury induced changes of nuclear receptors PPARα and LXRβ and modulation with oleic acid/albumin treatment.

In previous studies with animal models of spinal cord injury (SCI) pharmacological activation of peroxisome proliferator activated receptors (PPAR) and liver X receptors (LXR) were used to reduce tissue damage and promote behavioral recovery in animal models. We have studied the endogenous expression of the transcription factors PPARα and LXRβ in the chronic stage after SCI in rats. The immunohistochemical investigation revealed a long lasting increase in the level of PPARα in white matter in the vicinity of the lesion site.

Modulation of thermal somatosensory thresholds within local and remote spinal dermatomes following cervical repetitive magnetic stimulation.

Background: Repetitive magnetic stimulation (rMS) modulates thermal somatosensory function at both low (0.2-1.0Hz) and high (5.

Treatment of rat spinal cord injury with the neurotrophic factor albumin-oleic acid: translational application for paralysis, spasticity and pain.

Sensorimotor dysfunction following incomplete spinal cord injury (iSCI) is often characterized by the debilitating symptoms of paralysis, spasticity and pain, which require treatment with novel pleiotropic pharmacological agents. Previous in vitro studies suggest that Albumin (Alb) and Oleic Acid (OA) may play a role together as an endogenous neurotrophic factor. Although Alb can promote basic recovery of motor function after iSCI, the therapeutic effect of OA or Alb-OA on a known translational measure of SCI associated with symptoms of spasticity and change in nociception has not been studied.