Apoptosis: A Comprehensive Overview of Signaling Pathways, Morphological Changes, and Physiological Significance and Therapeutic Implications.

Cell survival and death are intricately governed by apoptosis, a meticulously controlled programmed cell death. Apoptosis is vital in facilitating embryonic development and maintaining tissue homeostasis and immunological functioning. It is a complex interplay of intrinsic and extrinsic signaling pathways that ultimately converges on executing the apoptotic program.

Curcumin from Curcuma longa Linn. (Family: Zingiberaceae) attenuates hypochlorous acid-induced cytotoxicity and oxidative damage to human red blood cells.

Hypochlorous acid (HOCl) is a major oxidant produced by activated neutrophils via the myeloperoxidase catalyzed reaction. The production of HOCl eliminates a wide range of pathogens. However, HOCl can also cause significant oxidative damage in cells and tissues where it is generated.

Structural alteration in hypochlorous acid modified antithrombin indicates generation of neo-epitopes.

Increased tendency of cancer patients to develop venous thromboembolism (VTE) is associated with high rates of mortality. Elevation of procoagulant proteins and down regulation of naturally occurring coagulation inhibitors appears to form the basis of high risk of VTE in malignancy. A reduced level of anticoagulant protein like antithrombin (AT) will influence both coagulation and angiogenesis, as its cleaved and latent conformations show potent antiangiogenic activity.

Lactate Dehydrogenase and β-Glucuronidase as Salivary Biochemical Markers of Periodontitis Among Smokers and Non-Smokers.

Objectives: This study aimed to establish lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and β-glucuronidase as salivary biomarkers of periodontitis among smokers and non-smokers.

Methods: This cross-sectional case-control study was conducted at the Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India, between January and June 2017. A total of 200 participants were divided into four groups based on their periodontal and smoking statuses.

Acetaldehyde-induced structural and conformational alterations in human immunoglobulin G: A physicochemical and multi-spectroscopic study.

Acetaldehyde is a reactive aldehyde produced as an intermediate of alcohol metabolism and tobacco pyrolysis. It has the potential to interact with different biomolecules in various tissues which results in the formation of stable, unstable and covalent adducts. This causes structural and functional modifications that may lead to severe complications such as cancer.

Synthesis and in vitro evaluation of 2-(((2-ether)amino)methylene)-dimedone derivatives as potential antimicrobial agents.

The study was designed with an aim to synthesize a series of 2-(((2-ether)amino)methylene)-dimedone derivatives and evaluate the synthesized compounds for antimicrobial activity. Compound library was synthesized by reaction with alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl and alicyclic bromo-compounds. Characterization of the synthesized compounds was performed by H NMR, C NMR and mass spectral techniques.

Hypochlorous acid induced structural and conformational modifications in human DNA: A multi-spectroscopic study.

Hypochlorous acid (HOCl) is generated by activated phagocytes at the site of inflammation. Exposure of DNA to HOCl results in base and nucleotide modifications causing DNA damage, which is one of the leading causes of various pathological conditions including carcinogenesis. In the present work, various biophysical techniques were used to study HOCl induced structural and conformational changes in human placental DNA.