Chloroquine sensitises hypoxic colorectal cancer cells to ROS-mediated cell death via structural disruption of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1.

Chloroquine (CQ), an autophagy antagonist, has been recently explored as a repurposable medicine for cancer; however the exact mechanism of its action is still not known. The present study investigated the effect of CQ on colorectal cancer cells to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms. We report for the first time that CQ suppresses hypoxia-induced growth and survival of HCT-116 cells by reducing glycolytic capacity and NAD production through inhibition of PDK1.

Clinical, Microbiological, Serological and Radiological Profile of Patients With Mild-Moderate and Severe Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis (ABPA).

Objective Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) is a complex hypersensitivity reaction to Aspergillus antigen mostly Aspergillus fumigatus that occurs almost exclusively in patients with asthma and cystic fibrosis. ABPA is an underdiagnosed and undertreated disease because of its presentation with various grades of severity in asthma patients. Data available regarding the clinical, serological, and radiological profile of ABPA patients is limited due to lack of consensus on diagnostic criteria and treatment guidelines.

Chemopreventive Effect of Cinnamon and Its Bioactive Compounds in a Rat Model of Premalignant Prostate Carcinogenesis.

Unlabelled: Cinnamon and its bioactive compounds inhibit prostate cancer cell proliferation in vitro. The aim of the current study was to assess the chemopreventive efficacy of cinnamon (CN) and its bioactive compounds in vivo using N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU) and testosterone (T) to induce prostate carcinogenesis in male Wistar/National Institute of Nutrition rats. Cancer-induced (CI) rats (n = 10) developed prostatic hyperplasia and prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia.

Increased Insulin Resistance in Hepatitis-C Infection-Association with Altered Hepatic Function Testing.

Introduction: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a serious global public health problem. It is estimated that 2% to 3% of the world’s population is infected with the virus. It was found that chronic hepatitis C is an independent predictor of the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.

The Assessment of Fatigue in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients and Its Impact on Their Quality of Life.

Introduction: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a common autoimmune illness that manifests mostly as chronic, symmetric, and progressive polyarthritis with a global frequency of 0.3−1.0%.

Adapalene and Doxorubicin Synergistically Promote Apoptosis of TNBC Cells by Hyperactivation of the ERK1/2 Pathway Through ROS Induction.

Doxorubicin is a commonly used chemotherapeutic agent to treat several malignancies, including aggressive tumors like triple-negative breast cancer. It has a limited therapeutic index owing to its extreme toxicity and the emergence of drug resistance. As a result, there is a pressing need to find innovative drugs that enhance the effectiveness of doxorubicin while minimizing its toxicity.

Serum Ferritin in Metabolic Syndrome-Mechanisms and Clinical Applications.

Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a cluster of conditions including central obesity, hypertriglyceridemia, low HDL cholesterol, hyperglycaemia, and hypertension with a prevalence rate of 20−25% of the world’s adult population. Metabolic syndrome is often characterized by insulin resistance, which some have suggested is a major supportive connection between physical inactivity and MS. Various studies suggest that moderately elevated iron and ferritin levels are associated with an increased prevalence of metabolic syndrome and are markers of insulin resistance.

Vitamin B12 Deficiency and Clinical Neuropathy with Metformin Use in Type 2 Diabetes.

Introduction: Type 2 diabetes (T2DM), which is more prevalent (more than 90% of all diabetes cases) and the main driver of the diabetes epidemic, now affects 5.9% of the world’s adult population, with almost 80% of the total in developing countries. At present, 537 million adults (20−79 years) are living with diabetes—1 in 10.

Urea ameliorates trimethylamine N-oxide-Induced aggregation of intrinsically disordered α-casein protein: the other side of the urea-methylamine counteraction.

Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) is generally accumulated by organisms and cells to cope with denaturing effects of urea/hydrodynamic pressure on proteins and can even reverse misfolded or aggregated proteins so as to sustain proteostasis. However, most of the work regarding this urea-TMAO counteraction has been performed on folded proteins. Compelling evidence of aggregation of intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) like tau, α-synuclein, amyloid β etc.

Obesity as an Important Marker of the COVID-19 Pandemic.

In December 2019, the emergence of the new coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) began in Wuhan, China. Thereafter, the disease has been spreading rapidly across the world, with about 300 million registered cases worldwide, and the numbers are also exponentially increasing in India, with about 34 million registered cases by the end of 2021. Among the comorbidities, obesity may increase the risk of hospitalization due to COVID-19 infection as it is related to immune system dysfunction.

Epicardial Fat Thickness: A Cardiometabolic Risk Marker in Rheumatoid Arthritis.

Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, systemic, inflammatory disorder of unknown etiology which mainly involves synovial joints. However, the corresponding systemic inflammation may result in disorders of multiple other organ systems. Several organs and organ systems are potentially involved in RA, particularly in severe diseases.

Fructooligosaccharide ameliorates high-fat induced intrauterine inflammation and improves lipid profile in the hamster offspring.

Maternal high-fat diet (HFD) often results in intrauterine and feto-placental inflammation, and increases the risks of fetal programming of metabolic diseases. Intake of prebiotic is reported beneficial. However, its effects on HFD during pregnancy and lactation is not known.

Learning curve of a trained vitreo-retinal surgeon in sub-retinal injections in a rat model: Implications for future clinical trials.

Purpose: The sub-retinal injections are not very commonly performed procedures in vitreoretina, but form a crucial step in any cell replacement therapy for retinal diseases. The purpose of this study is to describe the learning curve of a trained vitreo-retinal surgeon in sub-retinal injections in a rat model and its implications in future clinical trials.

Methods: This is an in-vivo retrospective animal study using Wistar rats.

Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of methicillin-resistant from bovine mastitis.

Aim: This study was conducted to determine the occurrence of methicillin-sensitive and (MSSA) methicillin-resistant (MRSA) from bovine mastitis and to characterize them with respect to antibiotic resistance gene .

Materials And Methods: A total of 160 mastitic milk samples were screened for the presence of . The presumptive positive isolates were confirmed using and gene-based polymerase chain reaction.

Prevalence and Antibiogram study of Rhodococcus equi in equines of Jammu and Kashmir, India.

The present study was conducted to determine the prevalence of Rhodococcus equi infection in equines of Jammu and Kashmir, India, and evaluate the zoonotic threat posed by this organism to equine owners and tourists. One hundred and forty-one samples (98 samples from adult animals ≥5 years old and 43 samples from foals less than 6 months old) were collected in duplicate from nasopharyngeal tract of equines for isolation and direct PCR. A total of 12 isolates of R.

Chemopreventive and therapeutic potential of "naringenin," a flavanone present in citrus fruits.

Cancer is one of the major causes of deaths in developed countries and is emerging as a major public health burden in developing countries too. Changes in cancer prevalence patterns have been noticed due to rapid urbanization and changing lifestyles. One of the major concerns is an influence of dietary habits on cancer rates.

Characterization of exo-s, exo-u, and alg virulence factors and antimicrobial resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from migratory Egyptian vultures from India.

This study of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in fecal droppings of migratory Egyptian vultures (Neophron p. percnopterus) revealed eight positive samples (n=25) by a 16S rRNA gene-based PCR in two consecutive winter seasons. Disk diffusion sensitivity testing revealed three multiple antimicrobial resistant (MAR) isolates.

Bacteriological and Molecular Detection of Streptococcus equi subsp. equi and Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus in Equines of Northern India.

Present study was undertaken to study the prevalence of β-haemolytic streptococci in equine of northern temperate region of Jammu and Kashmir, India. One hundred and forty one samples were collected in duplicate from nasopharyngeal tract of diseased (53) and apparently healthy equine (88) for isolation and direct PCR. A total of 77 isolates of streptococci were recovered from 141 samples with an overall prevalence rate of 54.

Biomolecular immobilization on conducting polymers for biosensing applications.

A detail study on different aspects of biomolecule immobilization techniques on conducting polymers (CP) for applications in biosensors is described. Comparative studies are conducted in between the different mode of biomolecule immobilization techniques, viz. physical, covalent and electrochemical immobilization onto the conducting polymer films for the fabrication of electrochemical biosensors for clinical, food and environmental monitoring applications.