Exercise-Induced Bronchoconstriction Background Prevalence Around the World.

Exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB), subgrouped as exercise-induced bronchoconstriction with asthma (EIBa) or without asthma, is defined as acute airway narrowing that occurs during or after exercise. EIB has been described mostly in patients with asthma and athletes. Prevalence differs according to the subjects studied, challenge methods, and EIB definition.

Effectiveness of ICS/LABA and LAMA/LABA in COPD due to biomass.

Background: COPD due to biomass exposure (COPD-B) is highly prevalent in low- and middle-income countries, and there are no clinical trials designed to evaluate the effectiveness of the treatments currently recommended for patients with COPD due to cigarette smoking (COPD-C). The purpose of the study was to compare the efficacy of fluticasone furoate/vilanterol (FF/V) 100/25 μg and umeclidinium/vilanterol (UMEC/VI) 62.5/25 μg on the rate of exacerbations, the time to first exacerbation, on dyspnoea, health-related quality of life (HRQL), forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV) and inspiratory capacity (IC) during a period of 6 months in patients with COPD-B and COPD-C, at a third level referral centre in Mexico City.

SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Effectiveness in Hospitalized Patients: A Multicenter Test-Negative Case-Control Study.

Background: Phase III clinical trials have documented the efficacy of the SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in preventing symptomatic COVID-19. Nonetheless, it is imperative to continue analyzing the clinical response to different vaccines in real-life studies. Our objective was to evaluate the effectiveness of five different vaccines in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 during the third COVID-19 outbreak in Mexico dominated by the Delta variant.

[Small airway: from definition to treatment].

The small airway, present since the origins of humanity and described barely a century ago, has recently been discovered as the anatomical site where inflammation begins in some obstructive lung diseases, such as asthma and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), per se. Small airway dysfuction was identified in up to 91% of asthmatic patients and in a large proportion of COPD patients. In subjects without pathology, small airway represent 98.

Addiction to Tobacco Smoking and Vaping.

The tobacco epidemic has been one of the biggest public health threats, and smoking is one of the world's largest preventable causes of premature death. An estimated 15.4% of all deaths in the world are attributable to tobacco smoking.

Trajectories of Spirometric Patterns, Obstructive and PRISm, in a Population-Based Cohort in Latin America.

Background: Preserved ratio impaired spirometry (PRISm) has been associated with adverse outcomes and increased transition to other spirometric categories over time. We aimed to examine its prevalence, trajectories over time, and outcomes in a population-based sample from Latin America.

Methods: Data were obtained from two population-based surveys of adults from three cities in Latin America (PLATINO study), conducted on the same individuals 5-9 years after their baseline examination.

Respiratory diseases in Mexico: analysis from the Global Burden of Disease study 2021.

Background: Respiratory diseases (RD) are often analyzed separately rather than collectively, possibly leading to an underestimation of their total burden.

Objective: To analyze the burden of RD in Mexico for population aged 20 or older from 1990 to 2021.

Material And Methods: We present the burden of RD in Mexico based on estimates of the Global Burden of Disease study for mortality and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), comprising counts, rates per 100,000, as well as age-standardized rates.

Longitudinal Characterization of a Neutralizing and Total Antibody Response in Patients with Severe COVID-19 and Fatal Outcomes.

The host immune response to SARS-CoV-2 appears to play a critical role in disease pathogenesis and clinical manifestations in severe COVID-19 cases. Until now, the importance of developing a neutralizing antibody response in the acute phase and its relationship with progression to severe disease or fatal outcome among hospitalized patients remains unclear. In this study, we aim to characterize and compare longitudinally the primary humoral immune host response in the early stages of the disease, looking for an association between neutralization, antibody titers, infective viral lineage, and the clinical outcome in hospitalized and non-hospitalized patients.

Lung volumes measurement using novel pressure derived method in participants with obstructive, restrictive and healthy lungs.

Lung volumes can be measured by body plethysmography (BP), by inert gas dilution during a single-breath or multiple breaths and by radiographic methods based on chest roentgenogram or CT scanning. Our objective was to analyze the concordance between several methods including a new pressure-derived method (PDM) in a variety of pulmonary conditions..

Air quality in Mexico City during the COVID-19 lockdown possibly decreased COPD exacerbations.

https://bit.ly/3Iyv98t.

Evaluation of Panbio rapid antigen test for SARS-CoV-2 in symptomatic patients and their contacts: a multicenter study.

Background: Point-of-care rapid tests to identify SARS-CoV-2 can have clinical benefits.

Methods: A cross-sectional study in adults visiting emergency services or screening sites of referral hospitals for COVID-19 to validate the diagnostic performance of a rapid antigen test for SARS-CoV-2 (Abbott's Panbio) compared with reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) testing. Tests were performed by health personnel in a routine situation during a COVID-19 outbreak.

Hydroxychloroquine for the treatment of severe respiratory infection by COVID-19: A randomized controlled trial.

Introduction: The novel coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19) represents a major public health problem and it is key to find a treatment that reduces mortality. Our objective was to estimate whether treatment with 400 mg/day of Hydroxychloroquine for 10 days reduces in-hospital mortality in subjects with severe respiratory disease due to COVID-19 compared with placebo.

Material And Methods: A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial to evaluate the safety and efficacy of Hydroxychloroquine for the treatment of severe disease by COVID-19 through an intention-to-treat analysis.

Clinical Markers of Chronic Hypoxemia in Respiratory Patients Residing at Moderate Altitude.

Supplemental oxygen (SO) increases survival in hypoxemic patients. In hypoxia, mammals respond by modulating O-sensitive transducers that stabilize the transcription factor hypoxia-inducible factor-1-alpha (HIF-1α), which transactivates the genes that govern angiogenesis and metabolic pathways. Residing at high altitudes exposes millions of people to hypoxemia with potential adverse consequences on their health.

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Objective: To describe the possible risks associated to smoking in the spread and complications of Covid-19, em-phasizing in the benefits of quitting smoking.

Materials And Methods: The narrative review methodology and the established process for Cochrane rapid reviews were used.

Results: The scientific evidence related to smoking and Covid-19 remains limited.

Mortality outcomes with hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine in COVID-19 from an international collaborative meta-analysis of randomized trials.

Substantial COVID-19 research investment has been allocated to randomized clinical trials (RCTs) on hydroxychloroquine/chloroquine, which currently face recruitment challenges or early discontinuation. We aim to estimate the effects of hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine on survival in COVID-19 from all currently available RCT evidence, published and unpublished. We present a rapid meta-analysis of ongoing, completed, or discontinued RCTs on hydroxychloroquine or chloroquine treatment for any COVID-19 patients (protocol: https://osf.

Screening Tool for Restrictive and Obstructive Ventilatory Abnormalities in a Population-Based Survey.

Background: A 6 s spirometry with an inexpensive pocket spirometer efficiently selects individuals for a diagnostic-quality spirometry for airflow limitation, but could also be useful to identify individuals with a restrictive pattern.

Objectives: We evaluated an inexpensive simplified spirometer (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [COPD]-6) as a screening tool to identify spirometric abnormalities.

Methods: A population-based survey in Mexico City, with 742 participants performing pre- and post-BD spirometry and a three-maneuver 6 s spirometry (pre-BD) with a COPD-6.

Identification of breath-prints for the COPD detection associated with smoking and household air pollution by electronic nose.

Purpose: The analysis of breath-print, has been proposed as an attractive alternative to investigate possible biomarkers of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). The aim of the present study was to discriminate between healthy subjects, patients with COPD associated with smoking (COPD-S) and patients with COPD associated with household air pollution (COPD-HAP).

Methods: A cross-sectional study of 294 participants was conducted, 88 with smoking associated COPD, 28 associated with HAP and 178 healthy subjects.

RESPIRATORY IMPACT OF ELECTRONIC CIGARETTES AND "LOW-RISK" TOBACCO.

Electronic cigarettes, handheld devices that generate an aerosol that may contain nicotine by heating a solution or e-liquid, have been increasingly used especially in the young population. The aerosol's composition is determined by temperature, and by the substances contained in the heated liquid: glycerin, propylene glycol, nicotine in variable concentrations, flavoring agents, and other non-nicotine compounds. >80 compounds (including known toxics, e.

Inspiratory Capacity and Vital Capacity of Healthy Subjects 9-81 Years of Age at Moderate-High Altitude.

Background: Measurements of inspiratory capacity (IC) and vital capacity (VC) are used to recognize dynamic hyperinflation, but appropriate reference values are required to achieve accurate clinical interpretations. Altitude above sea level is a potential determining factor for lung volumes, including IC and VC.

Objective: To describe IC and VC for healthy people who live in Mexico City at an altitude of 2,240 m above sea level.

Diffusing Capacity of the Lung for Carbon Monoxide in Mexican/Latino Children. Quality Control and Reference Values.

Rationale: Single-breath diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide (Dl) values are used to evaluate gas exchange; however, the quality of maneuvers performed by children has not been evaluated, and reference values for young people living at moderate altitudes are not well established.

Objectives: Our objectives were 1) to determine whether Dl maneuvers performed by a pediatric population would meet 2017 European Respiratory Society/American Thoracic Society (ERS/ATS) quality control standards; and 2) to report normal Dl values for Mexican/Latino children and adolescents living at moderate altitudes.

Methods: This study involved healthy young people 4-20 years of age from the metropolitan area of Mexico City (2,240 m above sea level) who were recruited in schools from July 2014 to August 2017.