Label-Free Quantitative Phase Imaging Reveals Spatial Heterogeneity of Extracellular Vesicles in Select Colon Disorders.

Three-dimensional (3D) imaging and quantitative analysis of extracellular vesicles (EVs) remain largely unexplored, mainly because of limitations in detection techniques. In this study, EVs from patients diagnosed with colorectal cancer (CRC) and ulcerative colitis were examined. To investigate the spatial heterogeneity and 3D refractive index (RI) distribution of single EVs, a label-free digital holographic tomography technique was used at a submicrometer spatial resolution.

The catalytic activity of mycelial fungi towards 7-oxo-DHEA - an endogenous derivative of steroidal hormone dehydroepiandrosterone.

Seventeen species of fungi belonging to thirteen genera were screened for the ability to carry out the transformation of 7-oxo-DHEA (7-oxo-dehydroepiandrosterone). Some strains expressed new patterns of catalytic activity towards the substrate, namely 16β-hydroxylation (Laetiporus sulphureus AM498), Baeyer-Villiger oxidation of ketone in D-ring to lactone (Fusicoccum amygdali AM258) and esterification of the 3β-hydroxy group (Spicaria divaricata AM423). The majority of examined strains were able to reduce the 17-oxo group of the substrate to form 3β,17β-dihydroxy-androst-5-en-7-one.

Antiepileptic Stiripentol May Influence Bones.

Bone structure abnormalities are increasingly observed in patients chronically treated with antiepileptic drugs (AEDs). The majority of the available data concern older conventional AEDs, while the amount of information regarding newer AEDs, including stiripentol, is limited. The aim of the study was to assess the effect of stiripentol on bones.

Comparative analysis of exosome markers and extracellular vesicles between colorectal cancer and cancer-associated normal colonic mucosa.

Introduction: Exosomes are currently considered as the new biomarkers of colorectal cancer (CRC). Tetraspanins (CD9, CD63) belong to the well‑known exosome markers, but can also be found on other subtypes of extracellular vesicles (EVs).

Objectives: The aim of this study was to estimate the expression level of exosome markers and EVs in CRC.

Structural elucidation of Tsukamurella pulmonis neutral polysaccharide and its visualization in infected mouse tissues by specific monoclonal antibodies.

Tsukamurella pulmonis is an opportunistic actinomycetal pathogen associated with a variety of rarely diagnosed human infections. In clinical cases of infection, T. pulmonis usually accompanies other bacterial pathogens.

Experimental and bioinformatic approach to identifying antigenic epitopes in human α- and β-enolases.

Human α- and β-enolases are highly homologous enzymes, difficult to differentiate immunologically. In this work, we describe production, purification and properties of anti-α- and anti-β-enolase polyclonal antibodies. To raise antibodies, rabbits were injected with enolase isoenzymes that were purified from human kidney (α-enolase) and skeletal muscle (β-enolase).

Carvedilol Inhibits Matrix Metalloproteinase-2 Activation in Experimental Autoimmune Myocarditis: Possibilities of Cardioprotective Application.

Aims: Acute myocarditis is a potentially lethal inflammatory heart disease that frequently precedes the development of dilated cardiomyopathy and subsequent heart failure. At present, there is no effective standardized therapy for acute myocarditis, besides the optimal care of heart failure and arrhythmias in accordance with evidence-based guidelines and specific etiology-driven therapy for infectious myocarditis. Carvedilol has been shown to be cardioprotective by reducing cardiac pro-inflammatory cytokines present in oxidative stress in certain heart diseases.

Triterpenoid Acids as Important Antiproliferative Constituents of European Elderberry Fruits.

In Europe, both the fruits and flowers of Sambucus nigra L. have been used against cold, as well as laxative, diaphoretic, and diuretic remedies. There are also a number of commercially available food products that contain elderberry juice, puréed or dried elderberries.

Cytotoxic effects of four aescin types on human colon adenocarcinoma cell lines.

Four types of aescin that are available on the pharmaceutical market, beta-aescin crystalline, beta-aescin amorphous, beta-aescin sodium and aescin polysulfate, have been analyzed for their cytotoxic effects on human colon adenocarcinoma (LoVo) and doxorubicin-resistant human colon adenocarcinoma cell lines (LoVo/Dx). Their cytotoxic activities were evaluated by sulforhodamine B (SRB) and methyl tetrazolium (MTT) assays. All four types of aescin exerted strong dose-dependent cytotoxicity to LoVo and, to a lesser degree, LoVo/Dx cell lines.

Enolase-like protein present on the outer membrane of Pseudomonas aeruginosa binds plasminogen.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the pathogenic bacteria which utilize binding of the host plasminogen (Plg) to promote their invasion throughout the host tissues. In the present study, we confirmed that P. aeruginosa exhibits binding affinity for human plasminogen.

[The composition, biochemical properties and toxicity of snake venoms].

2.5 million cases of snake bites are noticed in the world every year (within 100,000 is mortal). These bites occur frequently in Asia and Africa.

Localization of enolase in the subfractions of a breast cancer cell line.

Enolase detected on the cell surface may be a receptor for certain ligands, especially for plasminogen. It is important for the pathogen invasiveness and in the development of a tumour. Therefore, we sought to preliminarily determine the enolase location and catalytic activity in the subfractions of MCF-7 cells.

[Characterization of an inflammatory response].

The intensity of an inflammatory response in a tissue or an organ is dependent on the efficiency of the organism's homeostatic mechanisms, which restrict the extent of the reaction. The type of factor inducing a inflammatory response and its strength have significant influence on the dynamics of an inflammatory reaction. The prompt eradication of an inflammatory factor and its biologically adverse effects attest to the efficacious adaptive mechanisms of the organism.