Extracellular vesicle-functionalized bioactive scaffolds for bone regeneration.

The clinical need for effective bone regeneration in compromised conditions continues to drive demand for innovative solutions. Among emerging strategies, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have shown promise as an acellular approach for bone regeneration. However, their efficacy is hindered by rapid sequestration and clearance when administered via bolus injection.

Extracellular vesicles as therapeutic tools in regenerative dentistry.

Dental and maxillofacial diseases are always accompanied by complicated hard and soft tissue defects, involving bone, teeth, blood vessels and nerves, which are difficult to repair and severely affect the life quality of patients. Recently, extracellular vesicles (EVs) secreted by all types of cells and extracted from body fluids have gained more attention as potential solutions for tissue regeneration due to their special physiological characteristics and intrinsic signaling molecules. Compared to stem cells, EVs present lower immunogenicity and tumorigenicity, cause fewer ethical problems, and have higher stability.

Frontiers of Global Research Trend on Root Caries: A Bibliometric Analysis.

Objective: This study aimed to examine the global research trend and frontiers in the field of root caries.

Methods: Two independent investigators searched the Web of Science Core Collection to include journal articles published on root caries from 1994 to 2023. They examined citation trends of the selected publications and performed bibliometric analysis using VOSviewer.

Cleaved SPP1-rich extracellular vesicles from osteoclasts promote bone regeneration via TGFβ1/SMAD3 signaling.

Bone remodeling is a tightly coupled process between bone forming osteoblasts (OBs) and bone resorbing osteoclasts (OCs) to maintain bone architecture and systemic mineral homeostasis throughout life. However, the mechanisms responsible for the coupling between OCs and OBs have not been fully elucidated. Herein, we first validate that secreted extracellular vesicles by osteoclasts (OC-EVs) promote osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and further demonstrate the efficacy of osteoclasts and their secreted EVs in treating tibial bone defects.

Diagnosis of esophageal varices by liver stiffness and serum biomarkers in virus-related compensated advanced chronic liver disease.

Background: Individuals infected with hepatitis B (HBV), hepatitis C (HCV), and human immunodeficiency (HIV) viruses can experience compensated advanced chronic liver disease (cACLD) leading to esophageal varices (EV). In patients at low risk of esophageal varices needing treatment (EVNT), non-invasive criteria based on liver stiffness measurement (LSM) with platelets, or fibrosis biomarkers, may avoid unnecessary screening esophagogastroduodenoscopies (EGD). These approaches have not been compared among people infected with HIV, HBV, and HCV patients.

Silver Compounds for Caries Management.

Silver metal and compounds have antibacterial properties, although their action's mechanisms are not fully understood. Scientists generally consider that silver disrupts the bacterial cell wall. It causes a structural change in the bacterial cell membrane and cytoplasm.

Atopic dermatitis treated with tralokinumab and upadacitinib combination therapy: A case report.

A patient presented to clinic with atopic dermatitis that had been previously unresponsive to multiple topical and systemic therapies. They were successfully treated with a combination of tralokinumab and upadacitinib, showing significant improvement after 3 weeks and near-resolution after 6 months.

Erosive effects of commercially available alcoholic beverages on enamel.

This study aimed to investigate the effects of four alcoholic beverages on enamel erosion. Fifty enamel specimens were randomly allocated into the following five groups (n=10): group 1, water as negative control; group 2, red wine; group 3, white wine; group 4, distilled spirit; and group 5, beer. The specimens were immersed in the respective solution for a 16 h demineralization, followed by an 8 h remineralization in artificial saliva.

Effects of a 445 nm diode laser and silver diamine fluoride in preventing enamel demineralisation and inhibiting cariogenic bacteria.

Objective: To study the effects of a 445 nm diode laser (L) and silver diamine fluoride (F) on preventing enamel demineralisation and inhibiting cariogenic bacteria.

Methods: Thirty-three enamel slices were sectioned each into four blocks for four groups to receive L with F (LF), F, L and Water (W, control). Ten blocks from each group were used to evaluate demineralisation.

Evaluation of glove type on survival and transfer of in model systems and during hand harvesting of lettuce.

Background: Both reusable and single-use gloves can be employed during hand harvesting of lettuce and leafy greens. The impact of glove type on survival and transfer of was evaluated using agar or lettuce in a laboratory setting and during simulated lettuce harvesting in the field.

Results: Textured and smooth reusable latex and smooth disposable latex gloves inoculated with were sequentially touched to 10 or 20 agar plates or 20 lettuce leaves ( = 6; laboratory) or used to sequentially harvest 20 heads of lettuce ( = 6; field).

Effect of Strontium-Doped Bioactive Glass on Preventing Formation of Demineralized Lesion.

Unlabelled: This study investigated the effect of strontium-doped bioactive glass (SBAG) on the formation of dental demineralized lesions.

Materials And Methods: The study materials were 48 sound human tooth specimens with both dentine and enamel, divided equally into four groups: Group 1 (SBAG), Group 2 (SBAG+Fluoride), Group 3 (Fluoride), and Group 4 (Water as control). After 14 days of pH cycling, the surface morphology of the specimens was observed by scanning electron microscopy.

Effects of 9,300 nm Carbon Dioxide Laser on Dental Hard Tissue: A Concise Review.

A carbon dioxide laser at 9,300 nm has a high absorption affinity for water and a shallow depth of penetration. It can be used for soft tissue surgery and hemostasis. Besides, it matches well with the absorption characteristic of hydroxyapatite in enamel and dentine.

Use of a novel 9.3-μm carbon dioxide laser and silver diamine fluoride: Prevention of enamel demineralisation and inhibition of cariogenic bacteria.

Objective: To investigate the effects of a 9.3-μm carbon dioxide (CO) laser and silver diamine fluoride (SDF) on the prevention of enamel demineralisation and inhibition of cariogenic bacteria.

Methods: Enamel blocks were applied with Laser (Group-1), SDF (Group-2), Laser + SDF (Group-3) and no treatment (Group-4), and then subjected to an 8-day pH-cycling for cariogenic challenge.

Preventing Enamel Caries Using Carbon Dioxide Laser and Silver Diamine Fluoride.

This study was intended to investigate the caries prevention potential of carbon dioxide (CO) laser ( = 10,600 nm) irradiation followed by application of silver diamine fluoride (SDF) to enamel. Human enamel specimens were randomly allocated to four groups ( = 10 per group). Group 1 specimens were treated with SDF; Group 2 specimens were treated with a CO laser; Group 3 specimens were irradiated with a CO laser then treated with SDF, and Group 4 specimens received no treatment.

Inhibition of dentine caries using fluoride solution with silver nanoparticles: An in vitro study.

Objectives: To investigate the remineralising and staining effects of sodium fluoride (NaF) with silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) on artificial dentine caries.

Methods: Human dentine blocks with artificial caries were divided into four groups. Group 1 received 5 % NaF (22,600 ppm fluoride) with 4000 ppm AgNPs; group 2 received 4000 ppm AgNPs; group 3 received 5 % NaF, group 4 received deionised water (negative control).

Layer-by-layer self-assembly polyelectrolytes loaded with cyclic adenosine monophosphate enhances the osteo/odontogenic differentiation of stem cells from apical papilla.

Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) is a second messenger involved in the dental regeneration. However, efficient long-lasting delivery of cAMP that is sufficient to mimic the in vivo microenvironment remains a major challenge. Here, cAMP was loaded in stem cells from apical papilla (SCAPs) using layer-by-layer self-assembly with gelatin and alginate polyelectrolytes (LBL-cAMP-SCAPs).

Synthesis and Characterization of Fluoridated Silver Nanoparticles and Their Potential as a Non-Staining Anti-Caries Agent.

Objectives: The first objective of this study was to prepare sodium fluoride (NaF) solution with various concentrations of polyethylene glycol-coated silver nanoparticles (PEG-AgNPs). The second objective was to study the antibacterial activity against and the tooth-staining effect of the solution.

Methods: PEG-AgNPs were prepared via the one-step chemical reduction of silver acetate with thiolated polyethylene glycol.

Use of Silver Nanomaterials for Caries Prevention: A Concise Review.

Objective: The aim of this concise review is to summarize the use of silver nanomaterials for caries prevention.

Methods: Two researchers independently performed a literature search of publications in English using Embase, Medline, PubMed, and Scopus databases. The keywords used were (silver nanoparticles OR AgNPs OR nano silver OR nano-silver) AND (caries OR tooth decay OR remineralisation OR remineralization).

Caries Prevention Effects of Silver Diamine Fluoride with 10,600 nm Carbon Dioxide Laser Irradiation on Dentin.

To investigate the caries prevention effect of silver diamine fluoride (SDF) with a carbon dioxide (CO) laser (λ = 10,600 nm) on dentin. Human dentin slices ( = 10) were prepared and allocated to the following treatments: Group 1 (SDF)-slices received an SDF application. Group 2 (laser)-slices were irradiated with a CO laser.

Remineralising Dentine Caries Using Sodium Fluoride with Silver Nanoparticles: An In Vitro Study.

Objective: To investigate the remineralizing and staining effects of sodium fluoride (NaF) solution with polyethylene glycol-coated silver nanoparticles (PEG-AgNPs) on artificial dentine caries.

Materials And Methods: Demineralized human dentine blocks were allocated to three groups. The blocks in group 1 underwent a topical application of a 12% silver diamine fluoride (SDF, 14,150 ppm fluoride) solution.