Biology, ecology, and epidemiology of species affecting tomato: ground information for the development of a predictive model.

Among pathogens that affect tomato, spp. are important due to their implications in yield losses and the contamination of tomato products by mycotoxins. In this study, a systematic literature review was conducted to retrieve and analyze available data on the tomato pathosystem, with particular attention focused on the main biological processes included in the pathogen life cycle and mycotoxin production.

Seasonal Periodicity of the Airborne Spores of Fungi Causing Grapevine Trunk Diseases: An Analysis of 247 Studies Published Worldwide.

Grapevine trunk diseases (GTDs) are among the most devastating grapevine diseases globally. GTDs are caused by numerous fungi belonging to different taxa, which release spores into the vineyard and infect wood tissue, mainly through wounds caused by viticultural operations. The timing of operations to avoid infection is critical concerning the periodicity of GTD spores in vineyards, and many studies have been conducted in different grape-growing areas worldwide.

Temporal Dynamics and Dispersal Patterns of the Primary Inoculum of , the Causal Agent of Grape White Rot.

Grape white rot can cause considerable yield losses in viticulture areas worldwide and is principally caused by . The fungus overwinters in berry mummies on the soil surface or on the trellis and produces pycnidia and conidia that serve as primary inoculum. However, little is known about the temporal dynamics and dispersal pattern of conidia.

Plant Resistance Inducers Affect Multiple Epidemiological Components of on Grapevine Leaves.

Plant resistance inducers (PRIs) harbor promising potential for use in downy mildew (DM) control in viticulture. Here, the effects of six commercial PRIs on some epidemiological components of (Pv) on grapevine leaves were studied over 3 years. Disease severity, mycelial colonization of leaf tissue, sporulation severity, production of sporangia on affected leaves, and per unit of DM lesion were evaluated by inoculating the leaves of PRI-treated plants at 1, 3, 6, 12, and 19 days after treatment (DAT).

Development of a model for diseases with calibration for phylogenetic clades on different host plants.

Fungi in the genus cause serious pre- and post-harvest losses to several agricultural crops worldwide. Through a systematic literature review, we retrieved the published information on anthracnose diseases on different host plants and developed a mechanistic model incorporating the main stages of the pathogen's life cycle and the effect of weather. The model predicts anthracnose progress during the growing season on the aerial organs of different crops, and was parameterized for seven clades (acutatum, dematium, destructivum, gloeosporioides, graminicola, and orbiculare) and the singleton species, .

Susceptibility of pruning wounds to grapevine trunk diseases: A quantitative analysis of literature data.

Introduction: Pruning wounds are the main entry points for fungi causing grapevine trunk diseases (GTDs). Several studies identified factors influencing the temporal dynamics of wound susceptibility, which include the fungal species and inoculum dose, weather conditions, grape variety, pruning date, and so forth. Here, we conducted a quantitative analysis of literature data to synthesise outcomes across studies and to identify the factors that most affect the length of pruning wound susceptibility.

Plant Disease Models and Forecasting: Changes in Principles and Applications over the Last 50 Years.

This review gives a perspective of selected advances made since the middle of the 20th century in plant disease modeling, and the associated increase in the number of models published during that time frame. This progress can be mainly attributed to advances in (i) sensors and automatic environmental data collection technology, (ii) instrumentation and methods for studying botanical epidemiology, and (iii) data analytics and computer science. We review the evolution of techniques for developing data-based (empirical) models and process-based (mechanistic) models using the wheat rusts as a case study.

Information on disease resistance patterns of grape varieties may improve disease management.

Resistance to downy mildew (DM) and powdery mildew (PM) contributes to sustainable vineyard management by reducing the diseases and the need for fungicide applications. Resistant varieties vary in their degree of resistance to DM and PM, and in their susceptibility to other diseases. As a consequence, fungicide use may differ among varieties depending on their "resistance patterns" (i.

Temperature-Dependent Growth and Spore Germination of Fungi Causing Grapevine Trunk Diseases: Quantitative Analysis of Literature Data.

Grapevine trunk diseases (GTDs) are serious threats in all viticultural areas of the world, and their management is always complex and usually inadequate. Fragmented and inconsistent information on the epidemiology and environmental requirements of the causal fungi is among the reasons for poor disease control. Therefore, we conducted a quantitative analysis of literature data to determine the effects of temperature on mycelial growth and the effects of temperature and moisture duration on spore germination.

Effects of Temperature and Moisture Duration on Spore Germination of Four Fungi that Cause Grapevine Trunk Diseases.

Grapevine trunk diseases (GTDs) are serious threats worldwide and are difficult to control, in part because the environmental requirements for epidemiological processes of the causal fungi are poorly understood. Therefore, we investigated the effects of temperature and moisture duration on spore germination of four fungi associated with two GTDs (esca complex and Eutypa dieback): , , , and . Conidia of , , and were similar: conidia of these fungi germinated profusely (>90%) between 20 and 30°C; and tended to germinate at higher temperatures (up to 40°C for ), and at lower temperatures (as low as 5°C).

Temperature requirements of spp. belonging to different clades.

The fungal genus includes plant pathogens that cause substantial economic damage to horticultural, ornamental, and fruit tree crops worldwide. Here, we conducted a systematic literature review to retrieve and analyze the metadata on the influence of temperature on four biological processes: (i) mycelial growth, (ii) conidial germination, (iii) infection by conidia, and (iv) sporulation. The literature review considered 118 papers (selected from a total of 1,641 papers found with the literature search), 19 species belonging to eight clades (acutatum, graminicola, destructivum, coccodes, dematium, gloeosporioides, and orbiculare), and 27 host plants (alfalfa, almond, apple, azalea, banana, barley, bathurst burr, blueberry, celery, chilli, coffee, corn, cotton, cowpea, grape, guava, jointvetch, lentil, lupin, olive, onion, snap bean, spinach, strawberry, tomato, watermelon, and white bean).

A Mechanistic Model Accounting for the Effect of Soil Moisture, Weather, and Host Growth Stage on the Development of .

The fungus causes serious losses to several agricultural crops worldwide. By using systems analysis, we retrieved the available knowledge concerning from the literature and then analyzed and synthesized the data to develop a mechanistic, dynamic, weather-driven model for the prediction of epidemics on different crops. The model accounts for i) the production and survival of apothecia; ii) the production, dispersal, and survival of ascospores; iii) infection by ascospores; and iv) lesion onset.

Development and Validation of a Mechanistic, Weather-Based Model for Predicting f. sp. Infections and Stem Rust Progress in Wheat.

Stem rust (or black rust) of wheat, caused by f. sp. (), is a re-emerging, major threat to wheat production worldwide.

Modeling the Effects of the Environment and the Host Plant on the Ripe Rot of Grapes, Caused by the Species.

Ripe rot caused by spp. is a serious threat in many vineyards, and its control relies mainly on the repeated use of fungicides. A mechanistic, dynamic model for the prediction of grape ripe rot epidemics was developed by using information and data from a systematic literature review.

A Mechanistic Weather-Driven Model for Infection and Disease Development in Chickpea.

Ascochyta blight caused by is an important disease of chickpea. By using systems analysis, we retrieved and analyzed the published information on to develop a mechanistic, weather-driven model for the prediction of Ascochyta blight epidemics. The ability of the model to predict primary infections was evaluated using published data obtained from trials conducted in Washington (USA) in 2004 and 2005, Israel in 1996 and 1998, and Spain from 1988 to 1992.